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A 65-year-old female visited our hospital complaining of a swelling on the left cheek area of 2 years' duration. A panoramic radiograph revealed an ill-defined osteolytic radiolucent bony lesion involving the left mandibular angle, ascending ramus, coronoid process and condylar process. Histological examination showed the mandibular lesion to be a plasmacytoma, and a systemic work-up was obtained to rule out multiple myeloma. Contrast-enhanced CT images showed a well-defined and slightly enhanced round mass on the left ramal area, accompanied by the destruction of the left ramus and posterior maxilla. An 18F-fluorodeoxy-glucose positron emission tomography CT (18F-FDG PET/CT) scan revealed a hypermetabolic mass extending from the left mandible to the left maxillary sinus. The patient had M-protein in serum and urine, plasma cells up to 36.5% on bone marrow biopsy and anaemia as a clinical complication. The patient was diagnosed with multiple myeloma and received chemotherapy with thalidomide, cyclophosphamide and dexamethasone. A PET/CT scan taken 6 months later revealed that the hypermetabolic mass had disappeared and there was remarkable bone formation on the left mandible compared with a previous PET/CT scan. A panoramic radiograph taken 8 months later also demonstrated a prominent bone formation of the affected site. To the best of our knowledge, the current case is the first report of multiple myeloma presenting as plasmacytoma of the mandible with an FDG PET/CT scan. The lesion was solitary at diagnosis, and remarkable bone formation was newly observed on the radiographic examination during chemotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coronoid hyperplasia is a rare condition of unknown aetiology that can occur in both unilateral and bilateral forms. Without radiographic investigation the diagnosis is often missed. Researchers have postulated a familial form of inheritance. This study reports the occurrence of coronoid hyperplasia in two brothers. The parents were unaffected and there are no other siblings. The diagnosis was confirmed with the aid of panoramic radiographs and axial computed tomographic scans with para-sagittal reconstructions which demonstrated enlargement of the coronoid processes and in one case impingement against the zygomatic bone. One brother was successfully treated with a unilateral intra-oral coronoidectomy whilst the other was unsuccessfully treated with a bilateral intra-oral coronoidectomy.Dentomaxillofacial Radiology (2002) 31, 142–146 DOI: 10.1038/sj/dmfr/4600672 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To compare (1) the accuracy of 3DCT wilt rapid prototyping (RP) models and (2) their application in the management of coronoid hyperplasia. Methods: An adult dry skull was used to compare 3DCT and a RP model for accuracy of reproduction; Polymerisation contraction and 17 distances between 27 anatomical points were measured. Two patients with coronoid process hyperplasia were assessed by means of 3DCT and plastic models. Results: Differences in measurements with the RP model and the dried skull were smaller than those with 3DCT (P=0.04). Polymerisation contraction was greater than the errors in reproduction with the RP model and approximately equal to those with the 3DCT. The coronoid process was thick and prominent in the patients with coronoid process hyperplasia and the small space and early contact between zygomatic arch and the coronoid process demonstrated. The plastic model duplicated the exostosis of the inner surface of the malar bone facing the concavity of the elongated process. The coronoid process had an anterior tilt in one case. Conclusion: The plastic model duplicated the relationship between the maxillofacial deformity and the coronoid process with tolerable accuracy. Trismus may be due to the direction as well as the length of the enlarged coronoid process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To describe the imaging features of primary bilateral coronoid hyperplasia, with particular reference to the use of CT and MRI. Materials: A series of five cases is reviewed. Results: The correct diagnosis was achieved with panoramic radiography alone or with the addition of CT. MRI did not provide additional pre-operative information; it was useful in the postoperative assessment of poor functional recovery in order to determine the presence of haematoma and/or fibrosis. Conclusions: Although panoramic radiography alone can demonstrate this condition, CT has an important role in diagnosis and is useful for an adequate surgical planning by allowing assessment of the size of impingement of the coronoid processes. MRI is useful for evaluating postoperative complications involving soft tissue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A rare case of an aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC) involving the right coronoid process of the mandible in a 12-year-old girl is presented. The characteristic features with fluid-fluid levels within the lesion observed on Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Computed Tomography (CT) was helpful in the preoperative diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]