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Facial and dental-related trauma is common in the pediatric population. Appropriate evaluation and management techniques should be followed. Initial evaluation of the medical condition of the patient should be completed with acute management of any medical-related problems as a priority. ABCDEs of pediatric trauma should be followed and a thorough head and neck and oral examination completed with appropriate imaging if indicated. Newer dental trauma treatment protocols developed by the International Association of Dental Traumatology should be followed for best outcomes. Pediatric traumatic dental injuries generally have good prognosis by attempting to retain and stabilize teeth., Competing Interests: Disclosure The authors have nothing to disclose., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

A complete medical and dental evaluation is imperative following traumatic dental injuries, which are emergent situations that need a quick assessment and appropriate management. The proper diagnosis and treatment rendered determines the prognosis of the case. Proper documentation is important for medicolegal reasons and for baseline reference regarding the traumatic injury. Future treatment modalities and outcomes can be better managed with accurate documentation at the initial assessment.

This article overviews the diagnosis and management of traumatic injuries to primary teeth. The child's age, ability to cooperate for treatment, and the potential for collateral damage to developing permanent teeth can complicate the management of these injuries. The etiology of these injuries is reviewed including the disturbing role of child abuse. Serious medical complications including head injury, cervical spine injury, and tetanus are discussed. Diagnostic methods and the rationale for treatment of luxation injuries, crown, and crown/root fractures are included. Treatment priorities should include adequate pain control, safe management of the child's behavior, and protection of the developing permanent teeth.

Teeth, periodontium, and supporting alveolar bone are frequently involved in trauma and account for approximately 15% of all emergency room visits. The cause of the dentoalveolar trauma varies in different demographics but generally results from falls, playground accidents, domestic violence, bicycle accidents, motor vehicle accidents, assaults, altercations, and sports injuries. Dentoalveolar injuries should be considered an emergency situation because successful management of the injury requires proper diagnosis and treatment within a limited time to achieve better outcomes.

An overview of the various possibilities for trauma to the primary and young permanent dentition has been presented. Appropriate treatment procedures have been described. Advances in dental science have been great, and dental materials have become superior to what they were just a few years ago. The dentist must never forget the variabilities of human responses to any of the treatment techniques, however, and the dentist must never be dogmatic in approach. The dentist should be able to diagnose, interpret, and alter any of the treatment techniques as more scientific evidence is obtained.

Thorough evaluation and correct treatment of traumatized teeth improve their chances for survival. This article provides an overview clinical evaluation and how best to treat the tooth that has been traumatized. The rationale and techniques for tooth stabilization of the traumatized tooth will also be presented.

This article discusses the early assessment of the patient who has sustained an oral injury. The various types of orofacial injuries are reviewed, with emphasis on their early management. The dentist's early assessment of the patient must include a general evaluation of the patient as well as a more specific dental evaluation because the general dentist is often the first person to assess a patient who has been injured.