Search

Implementing evidence-based and cost-effective bereavement care is a challenge. A self-report measure could assist to identify caregivers at-risk of prolonged grief. We developed a new measure via five steps: identification of risk and protective factors for prolonged grief, item generation, consultation with an expert panel ( n  = 8), review by the academic team and expert panel, and a pilot test with family caregivers ( n  = 19) from three palliative care services. The Grief and Bereavement Assessment is a brief self-report measure that is theoretically and empirically grounded, acceptable to caregivers, feasible for use in palliative care, and requires psychometric validation.

This study investigated the importance of religious and spiritual beliefs in daily life in explaining prolonged grief disorder (PGD) symptomatology. Participants were 588 bereaved adults who completed a questionnaire. The importance of spiritual beliefs in daily life explained a small to medium, significant 3% of variance in PGD symptoms, but religious beliefs in daily life did not. Individuals who placed moderate importance on spiritual beliefs in their daily life may experience more intense grief.

This is the first study to explore bereaved individuals' experiences of funeral service providers using these services' databases. A total of 839 Australians participated in a postal survey, 6-24 months into their bereavement. Funeral providers were reported to be the third most prevalent form of bereavement support after friends and family. Analysis found six themes related to perceived helpful or unhelpful support: instrumental support, professionalism, informational support, financial tension, communication, and emotional support. Funeral providers could improve their support by adopting a proactive approach to bereavement needs and offering personalized and ongoing support. We develop these suggestions by exploring their potential contributions to building community capacity around death, dying and bereavement.

This study investigated differences in specific meanings made following bereavement, according to participants' prolonged grief symptomatology. A survey of 580 bereaved adults (M age  = 61.6 years, 70.7% female) showed 13 meanings predicted symptomatology, with the largest differences between the two lower symptomatology groups and the high symptomatology group; the latter was more likely to report no meaning. The results provide further support for empirically distinct groups within the bereaved population, not only in terms of symptoms, etiology, outcomes, courses, and treatment responses, but also in their meanings made, and may assist in advancing meaning reconstruction interventions.

A review of palliative care policies and bereavement support practices in the United States, Canada, United Kingdom, Australia, and Japan demonstrated 4 challenges: questions over providing universal versus targeted support; a lack of clear evidence driving service delivery; informal or no risk assessment; and limited or no evaluation of services. Bridging the gaps between the policy and practice of palliative care bereavement support requires acknowledging the challenges of medical and public health models, improving bereavement need assessment processes, enhancing the role of primary care providers, and extending research to provide an evidence-base for interventions.

A systematic review of the literature on predictors of complicated grief (CG) was undertaken with the aim of clarifying the current knowledge and to inform future planning and work in CG following bereavement. Predictors of CG prior to the death include previous loss, exposure to trauma, a previous psychiatric history, attachment style, and the relationship to the deceased. Factors associated with the death include violent death, the quality of the caregiving or dying experience, close kinship relationship to the deceased, marital closeness and dependency, and lack of preparation for the death. Perceived social support played a key role after death, along with cognitive appraisals and high distress at the time of the death. Inconsistent definitions of CG and measurement tools were noted in the earlier studies reviewed. Limitations identified in the studies included use of cross-sectional designs, heterogeneous samples, high attrition, demographic differences between cases and controls, differences in length of time since death, and differences in types of death experienced. Notwithstanding these limitations, some consistent findings have emerged. Further research into conceptualizations of CG in terms of attachment theory and constructivist and cognitive-behavioral concepts of finding purpose and meaning after bereavement is warranted.