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Seven novel oxalate-based [CuIICrIII] compounds: [Cu4(terpy)4Cl5][Cr(C2O4)3]·9H2O (1; terpy = 2,2′:6′,2′′-terpyridine), {[Cr2Cu4(H2O)2(terpy)4(C2O4)7]·10H2O}n (2), [Cr2Cu4(H2O)2(terpy)4(C2O4)7]·12H2O (3), [Cu(H2O)3(terpy)][CrCu(H2O)(terpy)(C2O4)3]2·9H2O (4), [Cu(H2O)(terpy)(NO3)][CrCu(H2O)(terpy)(C2O4)3]·6H2O (5), [CrCu2(terpy)2(C2O4)3(NO3)]·1.5H2O·CH3OH (6) and [Cr2Cu4(H2O)4(terpy)4(C2O4)6][Cr2Cu2(terpy)2(C2O4)6]·9H2O·CH3OH (7) were obtained from the reaction of an aqueous solution of the building block [Cr(C2O4)3]3− and a methanol solution containing Cu2+ ions and terpyridine ligand by the layering technique. Interestingly, changing only the anion of the starting salt of copper(II), NO3− instead of Cl−, resulted in an unexpected modification in the bridge type, namely oxalate (compounds 2–7) versus chloride (compound 1). During the crystallization process in the test tube, the partial decomposition of the tris(oxalato)chromate(III) anion leads to the release of the oxalate ligand from the coordination sphere of chromium(III). Consequently, this oxalate ligand is coordinated to copper(II) ions in the reaction mixture, resulting in the oxalate-bridged cationic moieties of copper(II) ions [(terpy)Cu(μ-C2O4)Cu(terpy)]2+ of 2 and 3. Compounds 4–7 were formed in the same test tube using identical components as for 2 and 3, but in a different ratio; during preparation, the starting material did not decompose and retained its original role as a building block. The compounds were studied by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, IR spectroscopy, magnetization measurements and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Compound 1 exhibits a ground-state spin of 1 due to antiferromagnetic and ferromagnetic interactions of Cu2+ ions across the chloride bridges in the tetramer; ferromagnetic coupling transferred through the oxalate bridge was found between Cu2+ ions in compound 2 and between Cu2+ and Cr3+ in compounds 4 and 5. Since compound 3 is considered to be a very similar fragment of compound 2, a ferromagnetic interaction between two Cu2+ ions bridged by a bis(bidentate) oxalate group is also expected. The performed calculations for compound 7 indicate that the main interaction is ferromagnetic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three heterometallic one-dimensional (1D) coordination polymers {A[CrCu2(bpy)2(C2O4)4]·H2O}n [A = K+ (1) and NH4+ (2); bpy = 2,2′-bipyridine] and [(Cr2O7)Cu2(C2O4)(phen)2]n (3; phen = 1,10-phenanthroline) with uncommon topology have been synthesized using a building block approach and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, IR and impedance spectroscopies, magnetization measurements, and DFT calculations. Due to the partial decomposition of the building block [Cr(C2O4)3]3−, all three compounds contain oxalate-bridged [Cu2(L)2(μ-C2O4)]2+ units [L = bpy (1 and 2) and phen (3)]. In compounds 1 and 2 these cations are mutually connected through oxalate groups from [Cr(C2O4)3]3−, thus forming ladder-like topologies. Unusually, three different bridging modes of the oxalate ligand are observed in these chains. In compound 3 copper(ii) ions from cationic units are bridged through the oxygen atoms of Cr2O72− anions in a novel ladder-like mode. Very strong antiferromagnetic coupling observed in all three compounds, determined from the magnetization measurements and confirmed by DFT calculations (J = −343, −371 and −340 cm−1 for 1, 2 and 3, respectively), appears between two copper(ii) ions interacting through the oxalate bridge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three heterometallic oxo-bridged compounds, [Cr2(phen)4(μ-O)4Nb2(C2O4)4]·2H2O (1; phen = 1,10-phenanthroline), [Cr2(terpy)2(H2O)2(μ-O)4Nb2(C2O4)4]·4H2O (2; terpy = 2,2′;6′,2′′-terpyridine) and [Cr(terpy)(C2O4)(H2O)][Cr2(terpy)2(C2O4)2(μ-O)2Nb(C2O4)2]·3H2O (3), have been synthesized using a building block approach and characterized by IR spectroscopy, single-crystal and powder X-ray diffraction, magnetization measurements, and DFT calculations. The molecular structures of 1 and 2, crystallizing in P42212 and P21/n space groups, respectively, contain a square-shaped {CrIII2(μ-O)4NbV2} unit, while that of complex salt 3 (P1̅ space group) consists of a mononuclear cation containing CrIII and trinuclear anions in which two CrIII ions are bridged by a –O–NbV–O– fragment. Besides hydrogen-bonding patterns resulting in a 1D- or 3D-supramolecular arrangement in 1–3, an unusual intermolecular contact has been noticed between parallel oxalate moieties occurring due to the electrostatic attraction of electron-rich carbonyl oxygen and severely electron-depleted carbon atoms in the crystal packing of 2. The antiferromagnetic coupling observed in all three compounds, determined from magnetization measurements (J = −13.51(2), −8.41(1) and −7.44(4) cm−1 for 1, 2 and 3, respectively) and confirmed by DFT calculations, originates from two CrIII ions with spin 3/2 interacting through diamagnetic –O–NbV–O– bridge(s). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The reaction of bis(phenanthroline)metal(ii) cations (M = Mn2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+ and Zn2+) with bis(oxalato)chromium(iii) anions in a water/ethanol solution gives rise to a series of compounds with oxalate-bridged cations, [{M(phen)2}2(μ-C2O4)][Cr(phen)(C2O4)2]2·4H2O [Mn2Cr2 (1), Co2Cr2 (2), Ni2Cr2 (3), Cu2Cr2 (4) and Zn2Cr2 (5)]. Their structural analysis reveals that all the prepared compounds crystallize in the triclinic system, space group P1̅, having similar unit cell parameters, molecular structures and crystal packing features. All metal centres in 1–5 are octahedrally coordinated: M2+ in homodinuclear cations are coordinated with two phen molecules and one bridging oxalate ligand; Cr3+ in anions is coordinated with one phen ligand and two bidentate oxalate groups. The copper atom in Cu2Cr2 (4) exhibits a Jahn–Teller-distorted octahedral coordination. Owing to the considerable number of pyridyl groups present in 1–5 (from phen ligands) the crystal packing of cations and anions is driven by stacking interactions appearing in offset-face-to-face (OFF) and edge-to-face (EF) orientations. The hydrogen bonds between the anions and water molecules of crystallization form 1D ladder-like motifs. In addition to the single crystal X-ray diffraction studies, the characterization of the new complexes was accomplished by means of IR and UV/Vis spectroscopy and magnetization measurements on a SQUID magnetometer. The temperature dependence of magnetic susceptibility reveals different magnetic super exchange interactions taking place in homodinuclear oxalate-bridged cations depending on the transition metal centre (Mn2+, Co2+, Ni2+ and Cu2+). Oxalate ligands mediate the ferromagnetic coupling of Cu2+ metal cations in Cu2Cr2 (4), whereas in Mn2Cr2 (1), Co2Cr2 (2) and Ni2Cr2 (3), antiferromagnetic interactions are observed between Mn2+, Co2+ and Ni2+ cations, respectively. Also, relatively large zero-field splitting parameters for Cr3+ ions (from mononuclear anions), D≈ 1 cm−1, were observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A heterometallic coordination polymer {[Cu(bpy)3][Mn2(C2O4)3]·H2O}n (1; bpy = 2,2′-bipyridine) was synthesized using a building-block approach and characterized by IR spectroscopy, single-crystal X-ray diffraction, magnetization measurement, and X-band ESR spectroscopy both on a single crystal and a polycrystalline sample. The molecular structure of 1 is made of a three-dimensional (3D) anionic network [Mn2(C2O4)3]n2n− and tris-chelated cations [Cu(bpy)3]2+ occupying the vacancies of the framework. In compound 1 magnetic order is confirmed below 12.8 K – magnetization measurements reveal an antiferromagnetic-like network of canted Mn2+ spins with incorporated paramagnetic Cu2+ centres. The ESR spectroscopy distinctly shows the phase transition; above T≈ 13 K, single isotropic Lorentzian lines of Mn2+ ions in the high spin state S = 5/2 were observed, while below this temperature, only characteristic Cu2+ signals from cations were detected. Thermal decomposition residues of 1 at different temperatures (800–1000 °C) were analyzed by powder X-ray diffraction; by heating the sample up to 1000 °C the spinel oxide CuMn2O4 [94.1(2) wt%] was formed. From the refined structural parameters, it could be seen that the obtained spinel is characterized by the inversion parameter δ∼ 0.8, and therefore the structural formula at room temperature can be written as tet[Cu0.17Mn0.83]oct[Mn1.17Cu0.83]O4. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A heterometallic coordination polymer {[Cu(bpy)3][Mn2(C2O4)3]·H2O}n (1; bpy = 2,2′-bipyridine) was synthesized using a building-block approach and characterized by IR spectroscopy, single-crystal X-ray diffraction, magnetization measurement, and X-band ESR spectroscopy both on a single crystal and a polycrystalline sample. The molecular structure of 1 is made of a three-dimensional (3D) anionic network [Mn2(C2O4)3]n2n− and tris-chelated cations [Cu(bpy)3]2+ occupying the vacancies of the framework. In compound 1 magnetic order is confirmed below 12.8 K – magnetization measurements reveal an antiferromagnetic-like network of canted Mn2+ spins with incorporated paramagnetic Cu2+ centres. The ESR spectroscopy distinctly shows the phase transition; above T≈ 13 K, single isotropic Lorentzian lines of Mn2+ ions in the high spin state S = 5/2 were observed, while below this temperature, only characteristic Cu2+ signals from cations were detected. Thermal decomposition residues of 1 at different temperatures (800–1000 °C) were analyzed by powder X-ray diffraction; by heating the sample up to 1000 °C the spinel oxide CuMn2O4 [94.1(2) wt%] was formed. From the refined structural parameters, it could be seen that the obtained spinel is characterized by the inversion parameter δ∼ 0.8, and therefore the structural formula at room temperature can be written as tet[Cu0.17Mn0.83]oct[Mn1.17Cu0.83]O4. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of four novel mixed-ligand complexes of copper(II) with 3,6-dichloro-2,6-dihydroxy-1,4-benzoquinone (chloranilic acid) and 1,10-phenanthroline was prepared and characterised by X-ray structure analysis and IR spectroscopy. Three complexes exhibit square-pyramidal coordination, whereas one exhibits octahedral coordination. The ligand 1,10-phenanthroline acts in a bidentate chelating mode with N,N-metal binding. The chloranilate dianion coordinates to the CuII atom in a terminal bidentate orthoquinone- like mode, forming a mononuclear complex species. However, in one structure a novel type of coordination mode of chloranilate is observed. In addition to the bidentate mode, a monodentate bridging mode through a carboxy oxygen of a symmetry-related dianion leads to the formation of polymeric coordination ribbon. The crystal packing of penta-coordinated species, in addition to hydrogen bonding, involves less common stacking interactions of chelate rings with the π-systems of the ligands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of four novel mononuclear complexes of copper(ii) with chloranilic acid and 2,2′-bipyridine were prepared and structurally characterised by X-ray structure analysis and IR spectroscopy. The complexes exhibit square-planar, square-pyramidal and octahedral coordination. The chloranilate dianion coordinates the CuII atom in a terminal bidentate o-quinone-like mode forming a mononuclear complex species. The crystal packing of the aqua complex and the complexes with crystal water molecules are defined by hydrogen bonds. However, significant contributions are from interactions involving five-membered chelate rings with both types of ligands and intermolecular π-systems (bipyridine and chloranilate rings). The crystal packing of the complex with square planar CuII coordination is dominated by interactions of the chelate rings with π-delocalised bonds and intermolecular π-systems. The occurrence of dimorphism could be related to the different types of these interactions in the stacks. The crystal packing of the octahedral complexes of the mono- and dihydrate solvates reveal 3D-networks with pores occupied by non-coordinated bipyridine molecules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three heterometallic one-dimensional (1D) coordination polymers {A[CrCu2(bpy)2(C2O4)4]·H2O}n [A = K+ (1) and NH4+ (2); bpy = 2,2′-bipyridine] and [(Cr2O7)Cu2(C2O4)(phen)2]n (3; phen = 1,10-phenanthroline) with uncommon topology have been synthesized using a building block approach and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, IR and impedance spectroscopies, magnetization measurements, and DFT calculations. Due to the partial decomposition of the building block [Cr(C2O4)3]3−, all three compounds contain oxalate-bridged [Cu2(L)2(μ-C2O4)]2+ units [L = bpy (1 and 2) and phen (3)]. In compounds 1 and 2 these cations are mutually connected through oxalate groups from [Cr(C2O4)3]3−, thus forming ladder-like topologies. Unusually, three different bridging modes of the oxalate ligand are observed in these chains. In compound 3 copper(ii) ions from cationic units are bridged through the oxygen atoms of Cr2O72− anions in a novel ladder-like mode. Very strong antiferromagnetic coupling observed in all three compounds, determined from the magnetization measurements and confirmed by DFT calculations (J = −343, −371 and −340 cm−1 for 1, 2 and 3, respectively), appears between two copper(ii) ions interacting through the oxalate bridge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]