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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of Transgression-Related Interpersonal Motivations Inventory-18 among an Iranian sample. The instrument has been used and studied mainly on adult samples in different cultures. The current study seeks to expand the application of this questionnaire to include Iranian adolescents. A total of 412 students within from 13-to-18-year-old age range participated in this study. Transgression-Related Interpersonal Motivations, Anger Rumination Scale, Trait Forgiveness Scale, and Batson Empathy Adjectives were the data collection instruments used in this study. CFA and EFA were conducted for testing the factorial structure and its psychometric properties and reliability were examined. EFA revealed three factors and confirmatory factor analysis supported the model. The TRIM showed good internal consistency, with Cronbach's alphas for the subscales ranged from.78 to.84 and.90 for the total. The convergent and divergent validity of the scale was indicated by significant relationships between its underlying dimensions with empathy, anger rumination, and trait forgiveness. The findings of this study showed that TRIM-18 is a valid and reliable instrument for measuring forgiveness in adolescents, and Iranian researchers and clinicians can use this instrument for therapeutic and research purposes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Power dynamics are fundamental when negotiating conflicts. However, no instrument for measuring power in romantic relationships has been adequately adapted to Spanish culture. The goal of this research was to adapt the Relationship Power Inventory (RPI; Farrell et al., 2015) to Spanish culture and language, filling this gap by providing a rigorous instrument for evaluating this construct. Study 1 was conducted to obtain evidence based on Spanish adaptation of RPI content. Once the Spanish adaptation of the RPI was built and we obtained validity evidence based on the test content, in Study 2, the scale was administered to two different samples of the adult population following a cross-validation approach. Specifically, in Sample 1 (N = 400), the training sample, a statistical analysis and an exploration of the dimensional structure and reliability of the measure were carried out. In Sample 2 (N = 755), the validation sample, the internal structure of the scale was confirmed, and evidence of external validity and generalization was obtained. The exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis showed a good fit for the four-factor structure. These dimensions were invariant to gender and had adequate validity based on their relationship with other variables (dependence on the partner, conflict-resolution strategies, and psychological well-being). In sum, the Spanish version of the RPI (SARPI) is a reliable instrument with sufficient valid evidence to provide accurate measurement of power differences in the context of romantic relationships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Globally, large increases in older adult populations require that psychological assessments are tailored to evaluate psychopathology by considering both language and culture. In Mexico, there are little to no assessment tools which measure multiple areas of psychopathology specific to older adults. The current study tested the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of Older Adult Self Report (OASR) from Achenbach System of Empirically Based Assessment (ASEBA). The OASR was completed by 308 older adults in Mexico. Confirmatory factor analyses tested the fit of the 7-syndrome OASR model originally derived from a U.S. sample. The primary model fit index (Root Mean Square Error of Approximation) showed good fit for individuals from Mexico, while the secondary model fit indices (Comparative Fit Index/Tucker-Lewis Index) showed acceptable to good fit. The items loaded strongly on their respective syndrome factors, with a median loading of.57. By syndrome, the overall median loadings ranged from.414 (Worries) to.643 (Memory/Cognition Problems); and 98.23% of the loadings were statistically significant. The Latin American Spanish OASR demonstrated proper psychometric properties for the sample indicating that it is suitable for use with older adults in or from Mexico. The OASR offers 7 empirically based clinical constructs that are appropriate for older adults in or from Mexico. It provides a structure which can use to assess and communication issues of psychopathology and adaptive functioning improving overall care and research in geriatric psychiatry, notably when considering diverse populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the growing interest on the notion of academic engagement (AE) and its relevance for students' success, a few valid and reliable instruments on AE have been developed. Moreover, most of the available measures consider AE as a student's trait rather than a relational and situated dynamic process. This study presents the development and validation of a new instrument, the SInAPSi Academic Engagement Scale (SAES), which was developed within a project coordinated by the SInAPSi center of the Authors' University and it aims to measure AE. The main sample was constituted by 680 students and a convenience sample of 312 biology and biotechnologies students was also involved to perform the confirmatory factor analysis of the initial factor structure of the SAES. Construct validity was assessed using the University Student Engagement Inventory (USEI), while criterion-related validity was established with the Academic Motivation Scale (AMS), the students' confidence in one's own preparation for academic studies and their academic performance. Results show that the SAES presents a robust factor structure, a good convergent and discriminant validity, and satisfactory psychometric properties. Furthermore, the SAES shows a positive correlation with the USEI and the AMS, the students' confidence in their preparation for academic studies and their academic performance. The results indicate that the SAES can produce valid and reliable data on AE and it may have strong implications for assessing AE and implementing intervention programs for university students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the research presented in this article was to develop a comprehensive model and measurement of marital goals. The aim of Study 1 was to validate the initial model of marital goals according to Schwartz's model of values (defined as general transsituational goals). The sample consisted of 684 participants (50% female), all of whom were either married or cohabiting couples aged between 25 and 60 years (M = 37.2; SD = 5.3). The obtained results led to a modification of our initial theoretical model. In the final version of the model, we distinguished eight types of marital goals located in a circular way around two basic dimensions that were similar but not identical to those of Schwartz's model: (1) oneself versus other focus and (2) relationship commitment versus avoidance. We validated the model in Study 2 in another sample of 1268 participants (50% female) with married couples aged between 18 and 86 years (M = 47.2; SD = 16.1). The measurement model was confirmed through a confirmatory factor analysis; the circular structure was confirmed through multidimensional scaling; the validity of the distinguished goals was confirmed through correlational analyses with value priorities, and marital satisfaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Turkish version of the Dysfunctional Attitudes Scale-9 (DAS-9) items assesses an individual's level of endorsement of dysfunctional attitudes associated with depression. The purpose of this study was to evaluate factorial reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the DAS-9. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses and the MIMIC model were used to investigate the psychometric properties of the DAS-9. The exploratory factor analysis results indicated a two-factor structure: (a) personal/internal rigid thoughts, and (b) dysfunctional thoughts involving other people and the external world. Participants at a high risk for depression endorsed the factor scores significantly higher than participants at a lower risk. Overall, the results suggest that the scale is a reliable and valid measure that can be used by clinicians and researchers to measure level of dysfunctional attitudes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Though the Teacher's Sense of Efficacy Scale (TSES) is widely used with English-as-a-foreign-language (EFL) teachers, these teachers constitute a cohort left out from the widespread project to validate the scale in different fields of education. In addition, the previous validation studies have mostly applied factor analysis for this purpose, which leaves some aspects of validity untouched. Thus, through factor and Rasch analysis of the data from 435 Iranian EFL teachers, the present study was undertaken to provide evidence on the validity of using the TSES with EFL teachers. Both confirmatory factor analysis and Rasch modeling confirmed the claimed three-factor structure of the TSES; however, Rasch analysis identified a misfitting item and frequent problems with the functioning of the response categories. In search of an alternative rating scale for the TSES, Rasch analysis supported the validity of a revised rating scale with five categories. Both traditional reliability and Rasch-specific indices showed that the revised rating scale was very similar to the original rating scale of the TSES in terms of measurement precision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Multidimensional Student Life Satisfaction Scale (MSLSS) is a quantitative tool that has mainly been developed in Western cultural contexts as a measure of children's global satisfaction with their lives. The aim of the present study was to adapt the MSLSS for use with a sample of Palestinian primary school children (N = 1215) living in refugee camps. The instrument's factor structure was analyzed via exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. The divergent validity of the MSLSS scores was tested with respect to self-rated measurements of affect balance and symptoms of trauma. The results supported a robust four-factor 14-item structure (RMSEA =.030; NFI =.973, TLI =.981; CFI =.985) with good internal reliability. The four factors were satisfaction with family, friends, school and environment and they were stable across age groups. In conclusion, this adapted version of the MSLSS in Arabic is a quick, valid, and reliable scale for assessing children's life satisfaction that may be used in contexts of political violence and low-intensity warfare. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the project was to develop the Discounting Inventory (DI), a measure of individual differences in delay, probability, effort, and social discounting, all related to behavioral impulsivity. Over 400 items relating to four types of discounting were generated. Next, a study followed by a series of psychometric analyses of data obtained from a group of 2843 individuals was conducted. Principal Component Analysis yielded a four-factor structure of data, reflecting the four types of discounting. The results of Confirmatory Factor Analysis showed good fit of the four-factor model to data. Through several iterations of retaining and deleting items on the basis of their component loadings, item intercorrelations, and contribution to coefficient alphas, the total number of items was reduced to 48. The final 48-item version of the inventory has satisfactory psychometric characteristics, including Cronbach's alpha and test–retest stability. In addition, significant correlations were observed between the DI and traditional discounting instruments, suggesting that the DI measures a construct similar to the behavioral discounting process. The development of the tool was based on the assumption that discounting is a personality trait. However, the present data suggest that discounting may reflect more a state than trait function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]