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Abstract: This review deals with the synthetic methods of pyrazolo[1,2-b]phthalazine derivatives using one-pot multi-component reactions via modern and traditional methods. The synthetic methods are subdivided into groups according to the type of reactants e.g (1) one-pot three-component reaction of 2,3-dihydrophthalazine-1,4-dione, aldehydes and acetonitriles; (2) one-pot three-component reaction of 2,3-dihydrophthalazine-1,4-dione, aldehydes and aroyl acetonitriles; (3) one-pot three-component reaction of 2,3-dihydrophthalazine-1,4-dione, aldehydes and acetylacetone or 4-hydroxy-2H-chromen-2-one or acetylene derivatives; (4) one-pot four-component condensation reaction of phthalimide, hydrazine hydrate, aldehydes and acetonitriles; (5) one-pot four-component reaction of phthalic acid, hydrazine hydrate, indole-3- carbaldehyde and acetonitriles; and (6) one-pot three-component condensation reaction of 2,3- dihydrophthalazine-1,4-dione, aldehyde, and dimedone derivatives. Moreover, the various methods were reported.

This review deals with the synthetic methods and pharmacological properties of [1,2,3]triazoloquinoline derivatives. There are ten isomers of fused [1,2,3]triazoloquinoline according to the junction between triazole and quinoline. The synthetic methods are subdivided into groups according to the type of isomers. The pharmacological activity of [1,2,3]triazoloquinoline was also reported.

This review summarizes the synthesis, reactions, and biological activities of tetrazolo[1,5-a]quinoline derivatives. These derivatives were synthesized by several methods such as i) from the reaction of 2-chloroquinoline with sodium azide ii) from diazotization 2-hydrazinylquinoline derivatives, and iii) from intramolecular cyclocondensation of 2-azidoarylidenes. Also, the chemical reactions and pharmacological activities of some tetrazoloquinolines such as tetrazolo[1,5-a]quinoline-4-carbaldehyde, 5-chlorotetrazolo[ 1,5-a]quinoline, 4-(chloromethyl)tetrazolo[1,5-a]quinoline, tetrazolo[1,5- a]quinoline-4-carboxylic acid, and 5-azidotetrazolo[1,5-a]quinoline were discussed.

This review deals with synthetic potential and utility of benzoylacetonitrile in the synthesis of pyridine derivatives. The reac- tions are subdivided into groups that cover the synthetic methods of pyridine derivatives from benzoylacetonitrile e.g. self condensation, Friedlander reaction, Michael Addition reaction, addition to enaminones, reaction with enamino-nitriles or enamino-esters, and one-pot three component reactions. A brief account on the synthesis of benzoylacetonitrile was also displayed.

This review summarizes research results concerning the reactions of phosphonyl carbanions with different carbon-nitrogen systems, amines, amides, imines, oximes, hydrazones, nitriles, diazo compounds, isocyanates, and azides, reported by us and other re- search group over the last years. It outlines the utility of such reactions in various aspects of heterocyclic chemistry. Some of these reac- tions have been applied successfully to the synthesis of biologically important compounds. A brief account on the synthesis of Horner reagents was also displayed.