1. Neuro-toxic and Reproductive Effects of BPA
- Author
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Rosaria Meccariello, Stefania Lucia Nori, Sean Richards, Silvia Fasano, Rosanna Chianese, Jacopo Troisi, Andrea Viggiano, Maurizio Guida, Antonietta Santoro, Elizabeth Plunk, Riccardo Pierantoni, Santoro, A, Chianese, R, Troisi, J, Richards, S, Nori, Sl, Fasano, S, Guida, M, Plunk, E, Viggiano, A, Pierantoni, R, Meccariello, R, Santoro, Antonietta, Chianese, Rosanna, Troisi, Jacopo, Richards, Sean, Nori, Stefania Lucia, Fasano, Silvia, Guida, Maurizio, Plunck, Elizabeth, Viggiano, Andrea, Pierantoni, Riccardo, and Meccariello, Rosaria
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,endocrine system ,BPA, neuronal differentiation, synaptic plasticity, neuroinflammation, epigenetics, hypothalamus, HPG axis, GnRH, Kiss1, reproduction ,HPG axi ,Hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis ,Gonadotropin-releasing hormone ,Biology ,Article ,neuroinflammation ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,Phenols ,medicine ,Premovement neuronal activity ,Animals ,Humans ,Pharmacology (medical) ,hypothalamus ,Benzhydryl Compounds ,neuronal differentiation ,Neuroinflammation ,Pharmacology ,Neurons ,synaptic plasticity ,epigenetics ,urogenital system ,Reproduction ,Neurotoxicity ,General Medicine ,Kiss1 ,medicine.disease ,hypothalamu ,BPA ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,030104 developmental biology ,Neurology ,chemistry ,Hypothalamus ,GnRH ,Synaptic plasticity ,Neurology (clinical) ,HPG axis ,Neuroscience ,epigenetic ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists ,Toxicant - Abstract
Background:Bisphenol A (BPA) is one of the highest volume chemicals produced worldwide. It has recognized activity as an endocrine-disrupting chemical and has suspected roles as a neurological and reproductive toxicant. It interferes in steroid signaling, induces oxidative stress, and affects gene expression epigenetically. Gestational, perinatal and neonatal exposures to BPA affect developmental processes, including brain development and gametogenesis, with consequences on brain functions, behavior, and fertility.Methods:This review critically analyzes recent findings on the neuro-toxic and reproductive effects of BPA (and its analogues), with focus on neuronal differentiation, synaptic plasticity, glia and microglia activity, cognitive functions, and the central and local control of reproduction.Results:BPA has potential human health hazard associated with gestational, peri- and neonatal exposure. Beginning with BPA’s disposition, this review summarizes recent findings on the neurotoxicity of BPA and its analogues, on neuronal differentiation, synaptic plasticity, neuroinflammation, neuro-degeneration, and impairment of cognitive abilities. Furthermore, it reports the recent findings on the activity of BPA along the HPG axis, effects on the hypothalamic Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone (GnRH), and the associated effects on reproduction in both sexes and successful pregnancy.Conclusion:BPA and its analogues impair neuronal activity, HPG axis function, reproduction, and fertility. Contrasting results have emerged in animal models and human. Thus, further studies are needed to better define their safety levels. This review offers new insights on these issues with the aim to find the “fil rouge”, if any, that characterize BPA’s mechanism of action with outcomes on neuronal function and reproduction.
- Published
- 2019