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The Pantanal region, the largest floodplain in the world, has a huge biodiversity and is an important livestock center. Bovine brucellosis has been reported in the region over the last three decades, posing implications for cattle industry as well as for the maintenance of biodiversity. We aimed to investigate the presence of B. abortus S19 vaccine strain DNA in unvaccinated domestic and wild ungulates from the Brazilian Pantanal. Fifty-two heifers, 63 ovine, 24 domestic pigs, 28 feral pigs, and three Pampas deer were sampled. Brucella spp. was detected through bcsp31 PCR of blood samples in 45.3% (77/170) of the sampled animals, of which 36.4% (28/77) showed positivity in ery PCR corresponding to B. abortus S19 strain. Feral pigs presented the highest occurrence of positive samples in bcsp31 PCR (75%), followed by ovine (47.6%), domestic pigs (41.7%), and unvaccinated heifers (30.8%). We did not observe positivity in Pampas deer. Our results strongly suggest that vaccination against bovine brucellosis may promote spill-over of B. abortus S19 strain in the Pantanal region. Moreover, our data indicate that wild strains of Brucella circulates in the Pantanal Biome., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)

Vishniacozyma victoriae NPCC 1263 was selected for this work because of the active antagonistic effect over several fungi in postharvest organic pears. Yeast biomass production was carried out in a 15 L stirred-tank bioreactor with 12 L of working volume at 20 °C and 300 rpm and 0.64 vvm of aeration. The selected production medium was based on cheese whey powder and salts. The present study aims to evaluate the possibility of using an inexpensive growth substrate for production of added value products (yeast biomass), this innovation also requires evaluate biocontrol efficacy of yeast against fungal diseases of pears in semi-commercial assays. The yeast biomass was collected, cold stored for 60 days (Treatment 1) and 15 days (Treatment 2) and sprayed on the pears in semi-commercial level testing assays. After 180 days of postharvest conservation, significant reduction of fungal infection by Penicillium expansum, Botrytis cinerea and Cladosporium sp. was observed. The Treatment 1 reduced total diseases incidence by 71%, instead Treatment 2 reduced it by 92%. The effect of spray application on the yeast viability with different cold storage was tested. These work provides information on the bench-scale bioreactor yeast production using a new low-cost medium, viability and biocontrol efficacy of Vishniacozyma victoriae in controlling common diseases affecting pears in semi-commercial assays. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nosocomial infections caused by multidrug-resistant enterobacteria have become a major challenge in global public health. Previous studies have indicated that use of antibiotics in livestock production chains is linked to the rising threat of antibiotic resistance in humans. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the distribution of genes encoding resistance to tetracycline, β-lactams, and colistin in multidrug-resistant enterobacteria isolated from feces of weaned pigs. Ninety-four enterobacteria isolates were submitted to antibiotic susceptibility test by minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). In addition, we performed conjugation experiments to verify if plasmid-bearing isolates containing the mcr-1 gene could transfer their resistance determinant to a colistin-sensitive recipient strain. Our results demonstrated a positive association between the detection of antibiotic resistance genes in enterobacteria and the phenotypic resistance profiles of the bacterial isolates. At least one of the extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) genes (bla CTX-M , bla TEM, or bla SHV ) and tetA was found among most bacterial genera analyzed. In addition, results revealed that the mcr-1 gene can be transferred from E. coli UFV-627 isolate to an F - recipient (Escherichia coli K 12 ) by conjugation. Our findings support the hypothesis that swine represents an important reservoir of antibiotic resistance genes and suggest that horizontal transfer mechanisms (e.g., conjugation) may mediate the spread of these genes in the swine gastrointestinal tract., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)

Intestinal microbiota is essential to the health and physiology of host animals. We undertook the first microbiological study of the fecal bacterial composition from critically endangered (CR) Yangtze finless porpoises ( Neophocaena asiaeorientalis asiaeorientalis; YFPs) living under captive and semi-natural conditions using both high-throughput sequencing method and 16S rRNA gene clone library method. As determined by high-throughput sequencing of V3-V4 regions of the 16S rRNA gene, semi-natural samples harbored 30 and 36 operational taxonomic units (OTUs), which was more than the 22 and 27 OTUs detected from YFPs living in captivity. In captive YFPs Firmicutes was the predominant phylum, whereas this was Proteobacteria for YFPs living in semi-nature conditions. This suggests habitat-specific fecal bacterial composition of YFPs . Plesiomonas spp. and Aeromonas spp., which are potentially pathogenic, were identified in all the feces. Bacterial diversity from one porpoise living in captivity was also determined by constructing a 16S rRNA gene clone library and only 1 phylum was identified. High-throughput sequencing was more effective at determining the bacterial diversity compared to the 16S rRNA gene clone library. This study provides important information for the management and conservation of the CR YFPs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study evaluated the effects of an increasing proportion of dietary grain on changes in bacterial populations in the goat ileum. Nine ruminally fistulated, castrated male goats were assigned to three diets in a completely randomized design. Goats were fed three different dietary treatments containing different proportions of corn grain (0, 25, and 50 %). The pH of the ileal contents and rumen fluid ( P = 0.015) linearly decreased ( P < 0.001), and the acetate, propionate, butyrate, and total volatile fatty acid in ileal contents increased ( P < 0.05) with increases in dietary corn, and similar results were also observed in rumen fluid. The barcoded DNA pyrosequencing method was used to reveal 8 phyla, 70 genera, and 1,693 16S operational taxonomic units (OTUs). At the genus level, the proportions of Acetitomaculum, Enterococcus, Atopobium, unclassified Coriobacteriaceae, and unclassified Planctomycetaceae were linearly decreased ( P < 0.05) with increases in corn grain. At the species level, high grain feeding linearly decreased the percentage of OTU8686 (unclassified Bacteria) ( P = 0.004). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study using barcoded DNA pyrosequencing method to survey the ileal microbiome of goats and the results suggest that increasing levels of dietary corn change the composition of the ileal bacterial community. These findings provide previously unknown information about the ileal microbiota of goats and a new understanding of the ileal microbial ecology, which may be useful in modulating the gut microbiome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]