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Purpose of Review: In 2016, WHO sets a target to eliminate viral hepatitis as a public health threat by 2030, with significant emphasis placed on reducing MTCT of HBV, which is the leading cause of CHB worldwide. In this review, we discuss the most recent recommendations in the literature on the management of HBV in pregnancy, including treatment considerations during pregnancy and recommendations for infant management, to reduce the MTCT of HBV. Recent Findings: Recent research advancements have focused on further unraveling the safety and efficacy of treatment options during pregnancy, developing more accessible postnatal immunoprophylaxis regimens, and exploring theoretical models for HBV treatment during pregnancy aimed at preventing MTCT. Summary: Despite considerable public health efforts, HBV remains a significant global health concern. Effective collaboration among clinicians is essential for appropriate screening, assessment, treatment during and after pregnancy, and proper follow-up, in order to reduce the MTCT of HBV and optimize maternal health outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose of Review: Advancements in our understanding of the hepatitis B viral (HBV) life cycle have paved the way for novel approaches to treat HBV infection. This review summarizes the various strategies being pursued to achieve a functional cure, defined as loss of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and absence of viral replication 6 months off-therapy. Recent Findings: Direct acting antiviral, host targeting antiviral, and immunological approaches are in various stages of development as treatment for chronic HBV infection. Summary: Novel treatments are being developed in pursuit of a cure for HBV. Current evidence suggests a single therapeutic agent alone may be insufficient, necessitating the need for combination therapy targeting HBV and the host immune response. Ongoing research focused on identifying the best therapeutic combination holds promise in achieving functional cure for HBV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose of Review: Hepatitis D Virus (HDV), although a small defective virus, poses a substantial public health challenge due to lack of awareness, underrecognized prevalence, and limited treatment options. Universal HDV screening within hepatitis B virus (HBV) cohorts is essential to address this issue. Despite its aggressive nature, effective HDV therapies have remained elusive for over four decades. Recent Findings: Advances in understanding HDV's biology and clinical behavior offer potential therapeutic breakthroughs, fostering optimism. As insights grow, effective and targeted therapies are being developed to improve HDV management. Summary: This review delves into HDV's intricate structure and biology, highlighting formidable hurdles in antiviral development. It emphasizes the importance of widespread screening, exploring noninvasive diagnostics, and examining current and emerging innovative therapeutic strategies. Moreover, the review explores models for monitoring treatment response. In essence, this review simplifies the complexities of effectively combating HDV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose of Review: Current antiviral therapy effectively suppresses hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication and improves the prognosis. It cannot cure HBV infection. Current clinical guidelines do not advocate universal treatment for all with chronic hepatitis B. However, recent studies are deliberating the expansion of treatment eligibility criteria to encompass those in immune-tolerant, inactive carrier, and gray zone statuses. This review examines the updated information regarding this issue. Recent Findings: For immune-tolerant patients and patients in the gray zone, treatment eligibility might be considered for those with active or significant fibrosis/inflammation, especially those that remain in the immune-tolerant phase older than 30–40. Current evidence does not suggest that antiviral treatment would be beneficial for true inactive carriers. Summary: Evidence-based management is crucial in current antiviral therapy. Appropriate monitoring and evaluation help identify individuals who would benefit from antiviral treatment. Expanding indications may hinge on new evidence or curative therapies with finite durations if available. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]