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Background: Rhanterium adpressum is an endemic and desert plant found in Algerian Sahara, it is used by the local population in cheese production and folk medicine as an antidiuretic and antimicrobial. Objective: This study aimed to analyse the phytochemical composition of Rhanterium adpressum extracts by GC-MS and assess their inhibitory potential on α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes linked to diabetes. Method: Two solvents were used for extraction: petroleum ether and dichloromethane. The obtained extracts were then analysed by GC-MS and in vitro tested for their antidiabetic activity. Results: GC-MS analysis of extracts from R. adpressum flowers revealed various phytocompounds, such as (-)-Spathulenol, alpha.-Amyrin, Lupeol and Cedran-diol in petroleum ether extract; 1H-Cycloprop[e]azulen-7-ol, 5(1H)-Azulenone and alpha-cardinol in dichloromethane extract. Petroleum ether extract exhibited a good in vitro antidiabetic activity in comparison to dichloromethane extract. Conclusion: This research confirms the antidiabetic activity of petroleum ether extract when compared with dichloromethane extract; other studies are needed for purification and in vivo study of bio-compounds from Rhanterium adpressum. This investigation offers scientific data that flowers of Rhanterium adpressum exhibit in vitro anti-diabetic effect.

Background:: Calamintha nepeta is a plant from the Lamiaceae family that is known for its traditional use to treat diabetes among Algerian populations. However, till now, there has been no research work to confirm this activity. background: Calamintha nepeta is a plant from the Lamiaceae family which is known for its traditional use to treat diabetes in Algerian populations. Until now there have been no research work to confirm this activity. Objectives:: This work aimed to evaluate the amylase inhibitory activity of essential oils and phenolic compounds from both methanolic and aqueous extracts of Algerian Calamintha nepeta (L.). objective: The evalutation of the antiamylatic activity of essential oil, methanolic and aqueous extracts from Algerian Calamintha nepeta (L.). Methods:: The essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed using GC and then GC/MS. Aqueous and methanolic extracts were obtained from the remains of the hydrodistillation. Total phenolic compounds were quantified using the Folin-Ciocalteu method. The amylase inhibitory activity of the extracts was determined by testing their ability to inhibit alpha-amylase. Results:: The extraction yield was 0.67 % (w/w) for the essential oil, and 11.85 and 4.38 % (w/w) for the aqueous and methanolic extracts, respectively. The essential oil analysis revealed that menthone, menthol, pulegone, and pulegone oxide were the main components of the oil. The total phenolic compounds in the aqueous and methanolic extracts were 41.81 and 32.92 mg GAE/g DW, respectively. The extracts inhibited α-amylase activity with IC50 values of 24.46, 31.54, and 115.47 mg/ml for the methanolic extract, essential oil, and aqueous extract, respectively. result: Extraction yield was 0.67 %(w/w) for the essential oil, and 11.85 and 4.38 %(w/w) for the aqueous and methanolic extracts respectively. The essential oil analysis revealed that menthone, menthol, pulegone and pulegone oxide were the main components. Total phenolic compounds for the aqueous and methanolic extracts were respectively 41.81 and 32.92 mg GAE/g. The different extracts showed inhibition activity towards α-amylase with IC50 values equal to : 24.46 ; 31.54 and 115.47mg/ml for the methanolic extract, the essential oil and the aqueous extract respectively. Conclusion:: The different extracts of Calamintha nepeta showed an interesting composition and significant amylase inhibitory activity, emphasizing their successful use in traditional medicine. conclusion: The different extracts of Calamintha nepeta showed an interesting composition, and a significant antimaylatic activity. other: future profound studies are necessary to identify the active molecules

Background: Plants are a main source of drugs for the therapy of a large number of diseases. Objective: The aim of the present work is to evaluate the in vitro antioxidant and anti-α-amylase and anti-peroxidases (HPR) potentials of phenolic extracts obtained from three spontaneous plants; growing in the South of Algeria such as (Chamomilla pubescens, Pulicaria crispa, and Rhanterium adpressum). This is the first report on the study of α-amylase and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) inhibitory activity for phenolic extracts from the Chamomilla pubescens and Pulicaria crispa plants. Method: The antioxidant activity was evaluated in vitro using four tests: DPPH, CUPRAC, FRAP, and ABTS. The phenolic, flavonoid, and tannin compounds of the three selected Algerian plants were quantified. Also, the inhibition of α-amylase and HRP was evaluated. Results: The quantification of the total phenolic contents revealed that they are widely variable, and depending on extraction solvents, the highest content was recorded by the ethyl acetate extract of Chamomilla pubescens (flowers) 774.93±60.14mg/100 g of dry matter. In all the antioxidant tests, ethyl acetate extracts showed the most effective activity, which the best was (VCEAC = 65.62 ±0.50 µM/g dry matter) of Pulicaria crispa for the DPPH test. Furthermore, the results of α-amylase and peroxidase inhibitory effects indicated that all plants extracts have inhibitory effects on the two enzymes, with AEIC values ranged from 76.55±3.54 to 149.54±6.68 μM/g of dry matter for the α-amylase, and CEIC values ranged from 8.89±2.22 to 9668.31±254.42 μM/g of dry matter for the peroxidase (HRP). Conclusion: The present study results suggest that the three Algerian spontaneous plant species (Rhanterium adpressum, Pulicaria crispa, and Chamomilla pubescens) inhibit peroxidase and α-amylase and exhibit a high antioxidant activity what can be related to the treatment of diabetes and thyroid diseases.

Background: Inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase is considered as an important therapeutic target to manage type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), reducing postprandial hyperglycemia (PPHG). Objective: The present work explored the antidiabetic activities of five artificial food colorings by α- amylase and α-glucosidase enzyme inhibition in vitro and in Silico. Methods: In this study, inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase was evaluated. Further, the interaction between enzymes (α-amylase and α-glucosidase) and ligands (food colorings) was followed by QSAR and molecular docking studies. Results: The in vitro results obtained show that the blue patent (SIN131) exhibited more potent inhibition with IC50 values of 0.03± 0.01 mM and 0.014±0.001 mM against α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition respectively compared to acarbose. The QSAR study found a strong correlation between IC50 values with four molecular descriptors. This linear regression confirms that a strong polarity (Apol) and low hydrophobia (ALogP) favor the inhibitory effect of these colorings toward both enzymes. Also, a negative role of the number of heavy atoms has been demonstrated in the phenomenon of inhibition of this enzyme. Finally, the descriptor εlumo (electronic affinity) plays a crucial role on the inhibitory power of these dyes toward both enzymes by electron transfer. The virtual screening of the inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase by these colorings, using Molegro Virtual Docker (MVD), allowed us to obtain stable complexes with interaction energies resulting from the place of hydrogen bonds and several hydrophobic interactions. However, the sulfonate groups of these colorings can be the major factors in the inhibition of these enzymes. On the other hand, Rerank Score with the pose are perfectly correlated (R2> 0.76) to the inhibitory activity of these food colorings measured experimentally. Conclusion: The present study suggests that the Blue Patent V (SIN131) effectively acts as α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitor leading to a reduction in starch hydrolysis and eventually to lower glucose levels.

Background: Research on medicinal plant antioxidants has emerged as a potential therapeutic to prevent free radical generated damage in the human body. Hammada elegans Botsch (popularly known as “Ajram”) is a xerophytic plant widely found in Laghouat region, but there are only a few reports about the biological or chemical properties of these species. Hence, the aim of this study is to investigate the antioxidant and the antihemolytic activities of hexanic, acetonic, methanolic and aqueous extracts of aerial parts of Algerian Hammada elegans Botsch by employing different in vitro assay systems. Methods: The total phenolic content, the flavonoid content and the condensed tannin amount were analyzed using Folin-Ciocalteu, aluminum chloride and vanillin assays, respectively. The in vitro antioxidant capacity of extracts was assessed by CUPRAC, iron chelating, ABTS•+ and antihemolytic assays, and was expressed as EC50 values. Results: Among the analyzed extracts, the aqueous extract had the highest phenolic, flavonoid and tannin contents. Also, this extract displayed the highest antioxidant capacities compared to the other extracts and standards. Its EC50 value for ABTS radical-scavenging activity was 0.265 ± 0.003 mg/L. Moreover, this extract showed high iron (II) chelating ability (EC50 = 0.958 ± 0.001 mg/L), and good antioxidant activity in the cupric ion reducing activity (CUPRAC) in a concentration dependent manner (EC50 were 0.709 ± 0.002 mg/L). Additionally, this extract had the best antihemolytic activity against AAPH-induced hemolysis (EC50=0.090 ± 0.004 mg/L). Conclusion: Our study revealed that the aqueous extract of Hammada elegans Botsch, is a potential source of antioxidants which possess a high protective effect of membrane against free radical.

Background:The genus Linaria belongs to the Scrophulariaceae family. It is a large genus comprising about 200 species. Various parts of several Linaria species have been reported to exhibit various biological effects. In Algeria especially in the Sahara and steppe regions, the different species of Linaria have several uses in dietary application.Objective:The aims of this study are to evaluate the α-Glucosidase and α-Amylase inhibitory effects and the antioxidant activity using in vitro assays by an organic extract of the aerial part of Linaria aegyptiaca collected in two months, April and June, from southern Algeria.Methods:The extracts were obtained with successful maceration in (hexane, dichloromethane, acetone and methanol). The phenolics and flavonoids contents of L. aegyptiaca extracts were evaluated with Folin- Ciocalteu and aluminum chloride reagents, respectively. Then, we studied their inhibitory effects on α-Glucosidase and α-Amylase enzymes. The antioxidant potential was determined in vitro with DPPH, ABT and Phosphomolybdate tests.Results:The highest phenolic and flavonoid content were detected in the methanolic extracts of Linaria aegyptiaca collected in April. All the extracts showed good inhibitory activity on both enzymes, where the best activity was against α- amylase by acetonic extract collected in June with an IC50 = 95.03 μg/ml. The evaluation of antioxidant activity showed that all the extracts exhibited a good antioxidant capacity compared to standard antioxidants.Conclusion:The aim of this research is to establish the anti-diabetic properties and the probable alpha glucosidase and alpha amylase inhibitory activities of Algerian Linaria aegyptiaca species. These results show that this species has good antioxidant properties and a good potential for hyperglycemia management, too. The Algerian Linaria aegyptiaca can be considered as a natural source of anti-hyperglycemic treatment and might be interesting for the prospect of new molecules with antidiabetic effect.

Introduction: Plants supply traditional Algerian medicines for the treatment of antiinflammatory effect. The reasons for the use of traditional treatments were that pure compounds obtained were also effective in reducing the toxicities of toxic agents or other drugs. Methods: In this study, we explore the phytochemical composition and the phenolic content by indirect method to evaluate the antioxidants and the anti-inflammatory capacities of twelve extracts from three plants. Results: Results: The total phenolic content ranged from 0.168 ± 0.020 to 4.166 ± 0.124 mg per gram of dry weight. Phytochemical screening revealed that tannins, C-heterosides, O-reduced heterosides and reducing compounds are the most common chemical groups. The highest antiradical activity was achieved with methanolic extract of Hammada elegans (EC50 = 0.551 ± 0.171mg/mL). However, the acetonic extract of Hammada elegans represents the most important reducing activity (EC50 = 0.747 ± 0.004mg/mL). Moreover, this extract also displays the highest chelating ferrous ions effect (EC50 = 5.749 ± 0.009 mg/mL) while the hydromethanolic extract of Cleome arabica has the best antilipoperoxidative effect (EC50 = 0.031 ± 0.000mg/mL). Furthermore, all extracts inhibit the activity of lipooxygenase and cyclooxygenase with IC50 values less than 19.210 ± 0.297 mg/mL. Therefore, the acetonic extract of Hammada elegans appears to be twice greater than that of standard inhibitors. Conclusion: The fractionation of the acetonic extract of Hammada elegans has given a potent bioactive compound which seems to have potential therapeutic possibilities for the prevention of the inflammatory effects.

Background: This paper focuses on one of the most recurrent hypotheses for the antidiabetic effect of medicinal plants by inhibiting the alpha -glucosidase Objective: In the present study aqueous and hydro -alcoholic extracts of eighteen medicinal plants, collected in the town of Laghouat in the steppe region of Algeria, and which are used in the treatment of diabetes, were examined for α-glucosidase inhibition using an in vitro model. Also total phenol content and antioxidant activity of the extracts was investigated. Methods: The extracts were prepared using distilled water and hydro -alcoholic solvent (methanol/water). The amount of total phenolics and flavonoids in the samples was determined with the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent and with aluminum chloride respectively. To identify plants with inhibitory capacities, we have studied the effects of ours extracts on the kinetics catalyzed of α-glucosidase an enzymes belonging to the class of hydrolase responsible for the digestion and we have subjected our extracts to inhibition assay to determine the inhibition percentage for each extract. Finally, we assessed the potential antioxydant of the best inhibitory plants with the DPPH test. Results: The major plants were found to inhibit enzymatic activity of α-glucosidase and the values of the IC50 constants have been determined for the best inhibitory plants common in both extraction methods (Cistus SP, Salvia officinalis and Zygophylum album), with values ranged from 0.38 to 28.95 mg/ml. The evaluation of antioxidant activity of this plants using DPPH test, shows that the phenolic extract of Salvia officinalis exhibit good antioxidant capacity (8.46 μg/ml) comparatively to the antioxidants taken as reference (BHA, Gallic acid, Rutin, Trolox and Vitamin C). Conclusion: This study is the first report on potential inhibition of these plants extracts on the digestive enzyme, α-glucosidase. The obtained results support the traditionally use of a number of the analyzed species in the in the management of diabetes.