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Abstract: Conducting polymer–fibre composites with polypyrrole cellulose (paper) and protein (wool) fibres have been produced by polymerizing pyrrole with ferric chloride as the oxidant around separated individual cellulose (wood) fibres from bleached Pinus radiata Kraft pulp, and merino wool fibres respectively to generate new composite materials that retain the inherent properties of the polymer and individual fibres. For the polypyrrole–cellulose composite, the polypyrrole consisted of spheres of about 100nm in size fused together to form a continuous coating that fully encapsulates the cellulose fibre and associated finer fibrils. For the polypyrrole–wool composite the polypyrrole formed a similar coating of about 200nm spheres. Electrical conductivities of the composites were substantially increased over those of the precursor fibres. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]