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Background: Kraton/polyaniline ionomer is synthesized and further characterized by electrochemical studies to check the redox properties of the material. Ion exchange capacity, proton conductivity, and selectivity of the synthesized membrane were determined. And found that the membrane was selective for Cu (II) ions. Methods: The dry Kraton membranes were weighed and kept in 25 mL of 10 % prepared aniline solution in a conical flask for 5, 10, 15, and 20 minutes below 10 0C for socking. The prepared solution of 30 mL of 0.1 M potassium peroxydisulfate was added in a conical flask at constant stirring below 10 0C for half an hour. Finally, the aluminum foil-covered conical flask was kept in the refrigerator for 24 h and modified Kraton membranes were weighed again before carrying out further studies. Results: The membrane was characterized by some physicochemical methods like SEM, TGA, T-IR, IEC, proton conductivity and selectivity sorption studies. An ionomeric membrane of Kraton polymer was developed as reported earlier. Kraton membrane showed the IEC of 1.9 meq·g-1. The FTIR spectrum of Kraton/PANI film reveals that weight loss up to 400°C may be found because of the thermal degradation of composite substances. Conclusion: Ion-selective potentiometric was carried out using the self-prepared ion-selective membrane electrode. The membrane was prepared by solution casting method. The membrane was characterized by some physicochemical methods like SEM, TGA, T-IR, IEC, proton conductivity and selectivity sorption studies. On the basis of selectivity studies, the composite material was found selective for Cu (II) ion. A copper ISME was successfully fabricated using the solution casting method. The ISME possessed good selectivity, linearity, working pH range, and response time which was also used as an indicator electrode for the titration of copper using EDTA.

Background: Nanoparticles have become an important part of many modern scientific technologies. Also, many naturally occurring nanoparticles play an important role in various natural and synthetic processes. The detection of these nanoparticles is expensive and challenging. This review paper explains in detail about various sensor-based methods used for the detection of nanoparticles. Methodology: Sensor-based analytical techniques are more accurate than other techniques. Nanoparticles may occur in air, water, solid surface and human or other living organisms’ physical environments. The detection methods include spectroscopic techniques, electrochemical methods, microcavities and microlasers based detection, optical techniques and many other highly sensitive methods. All these methods and their principles are explained in this study. The importance and the ill effects of the nanoparticles are explained in this article. Further, the detection of a particular single nanoparticle is also discussed. Conclusions: The detailed comparative analysis of these methods has shown that sensor-based methods are highly efficient for the detection of nanoparticles. Further research in this field may introduce many cost-effective and high efficient detection techniques that would revolutionize the medical and other application fields.