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Gangliogliomas (GG) are rare primary central nervous system (CNS) tumors. These CNS tumors are more commonly located at the supratentorial level. The treatment of choice for these tumors is surgical resection, and the role of radiotherapy remains controversial. A 61-year-old woman who presented with seizures underwent a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which showed a left-side thalamic lesion with one solid and two cystic components. A neuronavigation-guided brain biopsy of the lesion established the diagnosis of GG, with expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) for glial cells and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and synaptophysin for ganglion cells. Due to the location of the lesion, the patient underwent radical radiotherapy. Post-treatment MRIs revealed a reduction in tumor dimensions. In conclusion, we emphasize the role of radiotherapy in the treatment of cerebral GG., Competing Interests: Human subjects: Consent for treatment and open access publication was obtained or waived by all participants in this study. Health Ethics Committee (CES) of the Portuguese Institute of Oncology of Porto issued approval CES.174/024. It is the opinion of this CES that there is no ethical impediment to the development of this study. Conflicts of interest: In compliance with the ICMJE uniform disclosure form, all authors declare the following: Payment/services info: All authors have declared that no financial support was received from any organization for the submitted work. Financial relationships: All authors have declared that they have no financial relationships at present or within the previous three years with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work. Other relationships: All authors have declared that there are no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work., (Copyright © 2024, Samarão et al.)

This case report describes a 31-year-old male patient with psychosis presumably related to methamphetamine-associated psychosis (MAP). Our patient was experiencing persistent symptoms of visual, tactile, and auditory hallucinations after cessation of methamphetamine. He has a medical history of a substance use disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, nicotine dependence and major depressive disorder. Previously, he received a wide range of antipsychotic drug treatment regimens at other psychiatric facilities, all with some degree of effect, but never with complete symptom relief. At the time of admission to our inpatient clinic, he was started on cariprazine and reported a significant decrease in visual, auditory, and tactile hallucinations with complete cessation for a period of two weeks. There appears to be a unique ability of cariprazine's mechanism of action to reverse symptoms of the presumable diagnosis of MAP that is unable to be achieved with other antipsychotic medications., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright © 2023, Moran et al.)

Meningiomas are relatively common primary adult brain tumors. They are slow-growing, highly vascular, and graded according to histology, phenotypic and genotypic features. We present a case of a 66-year-old male with a history of tongue squamous cell carcinoma, which presented multiple risk factors for cardiovascular and thromboembolic events. A brain lesion was initially detected on a computed tomography (CT) scan and later characterized by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The multidisciplinary team decided to maintain surveillance due to the lack of associated symptoms. Upon expansion in size and acute intralesional hemorrhage seen on follow-up imaging, the patient was submitted to surgical excision. The histopathological testing determined it to be an atypical meningioma. Two months later, the patient received stereotactic radiotherapy, and a post-surgical MRI showed no evidence of tumor recurrence. This case report describes a rare occurrence of intratumoral hemorrhage in a meningioma during surveillance, highlighting the importance of vigilant monitoring and consideration of potential risk factors for hemorrhagic events., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright © 2023, Matias et al.)