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Hyperphosphatemia familial tumoral calcinosis (HFTC) and hyperphosphatemia hyperostosis syndrome (HHS) are rare autosomal recessive disorders caused by mutations in the polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 3 (GALNT3), fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), or klotho (KL) genes. They are characterized by hyperphosphatemia and recurrent episodes of bone lesions with hyperostosis and/or soft tissue calcinosis. Management options include phosphate-lowering therapies, anti-inflammatory medications, and surgical excision of the calcified masses in significantly disabled cases. We describe three cases from a consanguineous family who were found to have the same genetic mutation caused by a homozygous mutation in intron eight of GALNT3 c.1524+1 G>A (IVS8+1). The first case had a presentation similar to chronic osteomyelitis, while the second one presented with a calcified mass in her gluteal area. The third case presented with left leg pain. Being a rare disease, the findings of tumoral calcinosis/ bony abnormalities, along with elevated phosphate levels, should raise the possibility of this entity. Family history and biochemical findings can help reach the diagnosis., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright © 2024, Sowaity et al.)

Background In the case of elderly patients suffering from osteoporosis, the primary objectives of addressing comminuted intertrochanteric fractures are centered upon the recuperation of the patients' pre-fracture levels of activity, the expeditious promotion of full weight-bearing capacity, and the minimization of the likelihood of further surgical interventions. The adoption of hemiarthroplasty as a method for comminuted intertrochanteric fractures is proven as a means of hastening the recovery process, enabling early weight-bearing and mitigating the problems associated with extended bed rest. The outcomes that resulted from the application of this technique will be evaluated and analyzed as part of this study's objectives. Methodology A prospective study was conducted over the course of one year at a tertiary care hospital in the northern part of India. The study comprised a total of 30 individuals; however, unfortunately, one of the patients could not be located for further analysis. Patients of either gender in the age group of over 60 years old and with unstable osteoporotic intertrochanteric fractures were included (AO Foundation/Orthopaedic Trauma Association type 31-A2.2, A2.3, or 31-A3 group). Patients were observed at one, three, and six months after the surgical operation. The Harris Hip Score (HHS) was used for the functional outcome evaluation. Results Throughout the course of our analysis, we saw an increase in the overall HHS that was statistically significant. The HHS exhibited a mean value of 34.33 during the period of discharge, with a range of 32 to 39. It increased to 55.34 (range = 52-59) after one month of follow-up, and it continued to rise to 85.03 (range = 63-89) after three months of follow-up. It is important to note that the mean HHS reached 95.24 (range = 63-98) by the sixth month of follow-up. The study showed a statistically significant upward trend in HHS scores across all time periods (p < 0.001). Conclusions Early postoperative ambulation was made possible with the use of cemented prostheses, which contributed to patients' overall improvements in their functional results. Cemented primary bipolar hemiarthroplasty has emerged as a promising alternative for the treatment of unstable intertrochanteric fractures. The enhanced functional outcomes measured by the HHS provide evidence of this. The transtrochanteric technique has shown advantages in retaining the anatomical integrity of external rotators, minimizing the necessity for their resection, and reducing the danger of sciatic nerve injury. These advantages were displayed by the transtrochanteric approach. Moreover, owing to the implementation of wiring techniques, the larger trochanter could be conserved, resulting in enhanced postoperative recovery and expediting the return to the preoperative condition. When compared with other techniques of internal fixation, the utilization of cemented bipolar hemiarthroplasty demonstrated much-reduced rates of complications, such as the need for further surgery and implant failure., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright © 2023, Trilok et al.)

Hip fractures in the elderly have become a major public health concern as the population ages. Post-operative rehabilitation is associated with improved outcomes and a greater likelihood of returning to pre-operative functional capacity. Several studies have been conducted to investigate various post-operative recovery pathways. However, little is known about which post-operative rehabilitation pathways for hip fractures are most effective in improving patient outcomes. No clear evidence-based guidelines for a standard mobilization protocol for patients are currently available. This review aims to investigate post-operative recovery pathways to help patients suffering from hip fracture return to pre-fracture condition and to quantify pre-operative and post-operative scores for objective rehabilitation evaluation. Measuring pre-operative activity and comparing it to post-operative follow-up values can help predict post-operative rehabilitation functional outcomes., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright © 2023, Koudouna et al.)

We present a case of a 58-year-old male with a past medical history of hypertension and diabetes mellitus presenting to the emergency department with a complaint of abnormal and uncontrollable right arm jerking motions occurring since the afternoon on the day prior to presentation. Arm movements such as these may be consistent with either focal seizures or hemiballismus, a movement disorder classified as a choreiform subtype consisting of involuntary violent movements of an extremity with wide amplitudes. Although oftentimes focal seizures and hemiballismus are associated with neurologic etiologies such as strokes, the second most common cause of hemiballismus appears to be non-ketotic hyperosmolar hyperglycemia. While symptomatic treatment in managing focal seizures and hemiballismus may consist of benzodiazepines and dopamine receptor antagonists, respectively, it is important to treat the underlying cause, which in this case was the non-ketotic hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state associated with this patient's long-standing history of poorly controlled diabetes mellitus., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright © 2022, Isayli et al.)

Psychiatric patients can have undiagnosed illness due to difficulties accessing the health care system and the lack of guidelines regarding screening recommendations for them. The following case describes a 36-year-old male who presented with a hyperglycemic emergency in the setting of undiagnosed diabetes mellitus., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright © 2020, Espinoza et al.)