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Copyright of Culture, Health & Sexuality is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Culture, Health & Sexuality is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Culture, Health & Sexuality is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Culture, Health & Sexuality is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Culture, Health & Sexuality is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Culture, Health & Sexuality is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper examines the shifting nature of contemporary epidemiological classifications in the HIV/AIDS epidemic. It first looks at assumptions that guide a discourse of vulnerability and circulate around risk categories. It then examines the underlying emphasis in public health on the popular frame of “vulnerable women” who acquire HIV through heterosexual transmission. Drawing on work on gender, sexuality, and intersectionality, the paper asks why a discourse of vulnerability is infused into discussions of heterosexually‐active women's HIV risks but not those pertaining to heterosexually‐active men's. The paper then moves to current surveillance categories that are hierarchically and differentially applied to women's and men's risks in the HIV epidemic. Here, the focus is on the way in which contemporary classifications allow for the emergence of the vulnerable heterosexually‐active woman while simultaneously constituting lack of fathomability concerning bisexual and lesbian transmission risk. Lastly, theories of intersectionality, are used to examine current research on woman‐to‐woman transmission, and to suggest future more productive options. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studies of sexual risk behaviour in the context of HIV/AIDS often utilize theories of risk which are predicated on the idea of the rational actor making choices, and thus operate with a strong notion of the autonomous individual. The underlying assumption is that a well-informed individual would strive to reduce risk and therefore choose not to engage in risky behaviour in sexual encounters. Drawing on longitudinal fieldwork in Arusha town and the surrounding districts in northern Tanzania, this paper explores how people draw on a complexity of knowledge and experience when they try to reduce the likelihood of contracting HIV. It shows how the embeddedness of social relationships, and the constraints of culture restrict the possible range of options, particularly for women. The paper examines the paired concepts of risk and trust, arguing that trust in a sexual relationship is gendered in particular ways. Gender hierarchies often place women in a subordinate position to men as a result of which women have to make compromises which put their health at risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Culture, Health & Sexuality is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper argues that the relationship between homophobia and HIV/AIDS is not as direct as is often assumed. This argument is pursued through an examination of the situation of gay men in Australia, a country where the HIV epidemic is largely confined to gay men, and Bangladesh, a country and culture where sex between men does not conform to categories of human sexuality privileged in Western theory. Both of these countries reveal something different about cultures of sex between men, which provides a counterpoint to the often compelling and usually pervasive accounts of HIV-related discrimination that are derived particularly from North America. The paper concludes with a plea that as efforts are geared up to fight the HIV pandemic in Asia and the Pacific, researchers, planners and practitioners become more critical of the conceptual tools they rely on in thinking about HIV/AIDS and human sexual activity, so that it is possible to mobilize (and do less damage to) local cultures of sexuality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent advances in treatment have improved the health of many people living with HIV/AIDS. The research described in this paper shows that the changing context of care is also impacting significantly on people who provide services. In this paper, we explore both perspectives by comparing recent service provider data with that derived from research involving people living with HIV/AIDS. We explore four themes: (1) hope and optimism; (2) changing context, roles and identities; (3) changing relationships; and (4) quality of life. Treatment advances and a new focus on living has altered the context of working with people living with HIV/AIDS and challenges health professionals to find new meanings and relationships within that context. Study findings have implications for the wider health care context and the changing roles and power balances within this arena. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses various reports published within the issue, including one by Sheri Bastien on the importance of interpersonal communication in AIDS prevention, one by Chi-Chi Undie and collogues on HIV-positive persons in Kenya, and one by Kristin Mmari and colleagues on risk factors related to unsafe activities among orphaned and non-orphaned people in Tanzania.

Copyright of Culture, Health & Sexuality is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Culture, Health & Sexuality is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Culture, Health & Sexuality is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Culture, Health & Sexuality is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Culture, Health & Sexuality is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Culture, Health & Sexuality is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Culture, Health & Sexuality is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Culture, Health & Sexuality is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Culture, Health & Sexuality is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Culture, Health & Sexuality is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper reports on a study of the relationship of homophobia to HIV/AIDS-related stigma in Jamaica. Ethnography, key informant interviews and focus groups were used to gather data from a sample of 33 male and female adults during the summer of 2003. The sample included health and social service providers, HIV positive men and women, and men and women with same sex partners in urban and rural Jamaica. A strong and consistent relationship between homophobia and HIV/AIDS-related stigma was reported, but the relationship varied according to geographic location, social class, gender, and skin colour (complexion)—to the extent that this coincided with class. Stigma against people living with HIV/AIDS and homosexuality was implicated in low levels of use of HIV testing, treatment and care services and the reluctance of HIV positive people to reveal their serostatus to their sexual partners. Data reveal a pressing need for anti-stigma measures for both homophobia and HIV/AIDS, and for training for health and human service professionals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studies of female sexuality in Africa tend to adopt an instrumental approach, many times problematizing sexual conduct in relation to HIV infection and/or reproduction. This study aimed to explore sexuality as a relational concept. Using interviews and participant observation, the paper shows how sexuality becomes a point of self-identification for young professional women in Nairobi between 20 and 30 years-old. These women form a group who implicitly and explicitly criticize conventional gender roles through the overt pursuit of sexual pleasure as recognition of their womanhood. This aspect of the feminine sense of self is at odds with normative notions of femininity. To avoid criticism for being ‘un-proper’, women adopt a deferential attitude towards men. The focus on upwardly mobile professional women and their experiments with new types of heterosexual relations in dating provides insight into both sexuality and gender. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the intellectual and social origins of racialist homophobia in contemporary Zimbabwean political discourse, exemplified by President Robert Mugabe's anti-homosexual speeches since the mid-1990s. It challenges the notions that such homophobia is either essential to African patriarchy or simple political opportunism. Tracing overt expressions of intolerance towards male-male sexuality back to the colonial period, it focuses on ways in which notions of appropriate, respectable, exclusive heterosexuality within the ‘cowboy’ culture of White Southern Rhodesia trickled into, or were interpreted in, the African nationalist movement. It concludes that understanding this history could improve efforts to address concerns around sexual health in Zimbabwe and elsewhere in the region, particularly silences around same-sex sexuality in HIV/AIDS education and prevention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Nigeria, popular understandings of HIV/AIDS and individual risk assessment and behaviour unfold within an interpretative grid that draws on a religious moral framework. This paper reports results from a two-year study of HIV/AIDS-related beliefs and behaviour among adolescent and young adult rural-urban migrants in two Nigerian cities. The young people in the study originate from south-eastern Nigeria; they almost uniformly identify themselves as Christian; and they commonly situate their understandings and explain their behaviours in response to the HIV/AIDS epidemic in terms of religion, especially in relation to the increasingly popular and dominant religious discourses of evangelical and Pentecostal Christianity. Findings suggest that popular religious interpretations of HIV risk pose real dangers, leading many young migrants to imagine themselves as at little or no risk, and contributing to inconsistent protective practices. The study highlights the limitations of intervention strategies that ignore the extent to which religion, health, sexuality and morality intersect in people's everyday lives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There has been little research into how the diverse cultures within Papua New Guinea interpret, represent and understand the HIV/AIDS epidemic. Using qualitative ethnographic research, this study examines how incoming ideas about AIDS relate to the existing cultural frameworks of a rural Christian community. Although L, elet respondents in New Ireland have recourse to indigenous conceptions, apocalyptic Christianity is the most influential framework in their understanding of AIDS. Two interconnected issues are examined: how the epidemic is understood in apocalyptic terms, and how this affects practical approach to the disease. The paper indicates a need for more research into the stances taken by different Christian groups towards HIV/AIDS. This is especially important in the Pacific, where Christianity is the dominant worldview and where there has been a rapid spread of apocalyptic forms of Christianity, which may have particularly significant consequences for the epidemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the obstacles and opportunities experienced by a diverse group of persons living with HIV and AIDS in accessing medical and social services. A social networks approach is used to analyse data from 56 in-depth interviews conducted with persons living with HIV and AIDS in Orange County, California. From this analysis, the service pathways by White/Caucasian gay men, Latina/Hispanic women who speak only Spanish, and injecting drug users of diverse ethnicities are used to illustrate the influence of race/ethnicity, gender, and sexual orientation on service access. Implications for service provision and future research are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The family, household and community have often been identified as having a crucial role to play in HIV and AIDS-related care in developing countries. Yet few studies have sought to examine the limits to the support that such institutions can provide. This paper describes findings from a study of the care and support offered to people living with HIV and AIDS in Chiang Mai province, an area of Thailand severely affected by the epidemic. Following an initial Rapid Assessment Process (RAP), data was collected from in-depth household and individual interviews, focus group discussions and participant observation in two village communities. A number of recurrent themes emerge from the data: local beliefs and practices as factors mediating family and community responses; the impact of recent economic and social change on the social organisation of family and village life (including the role of formal village leaders and the growth of sex work); the complex interface between traditional and modern systems of care and support; differences between rich and poor in access to, and use of, health services; and the unequal burden of responsibility shouldered by women as care givers. The implications of these findings for the future provision of health care and support in this part of Thailand are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Young people are among those most vulnerable to HIV/AIDS in South Africa. To date, however, there has been a shortage of fictional narratives appropriate to their needs, and addressing issues of HIV/AIDS. Accessibility to literature is of concern for a variety of reasons, ranging from low levels of literacy among many Black students to the non- availability of books in many schools. This paper aims to extend notions of the meanings of literacy within the context of HIV/AIDS prevention amongst South African youth. It examines the significance of such literacy both to life itself and to what counts as literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Culture, Health & Sexuality is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Culture, Health & Sexuality is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Culture, Health & Sexuality is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Culture, Health & Sexuality is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Culture, Health & Sexuality is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Drawing from ethnographic, archival and secondary research, this article examines multiple-sexual partners in historical perspective in KwaZulu-Natal, a South Africa province where one in three people are thought to be HIV positive. Research on masculinities, multiple-partners, and AIDS has been predominantly directed towards the present day. This article stresses the importance of unraveling the antecedents of contemporary masculinities particularly the gendered cultural politics through which they have been produced. Arguing against dominant conceptions of African masculinity as being innate or static, it charts the rise and fall of the isoka, the Zulu man with multiple-sexual partners, over the last century. Showing how the isoka developed through changing conditions occasioned by capitalism, migrant labor and Christianity, it contends that an important turning point took place from the 1970s when high unemployment threatened previous expressions of manliness, notably marriage, setting up an independent household and becoming umnumzana (a household head). The high value placed on men seeking multiple-partners increasingly filled the void left by men's inability to become men through previous means. Turning to the contemporary period, the article argues that, shaken by the huge AIDS deaths, men are betraying increasing doubts about the isoka masculinity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores how urban youth in Mozambique perceive their sexual behaviour and identifies the factors that hinder them from having safer sex in the context of HIV/AIDS, with special emphasis on the condom use. Data was collected form high school students in Maputo, Mozambique. Using a combination of focus group discussions, interviews and informal conversations, it was possible to identify that one major obstacle to the use of condoms was young people's belief that they did not have to use condoms in steady relationships built on love and trust. Trust and love provide a sense of immunity to infection. Such a perception is reinforced, it is argued, by previous HIV/AIDS campaigns in Mozambique that have advocated the use of condoms only with ‘occasional sexual partners'. Students' understandings of pleasure, lack of accurate information, lack of sex education at home and at school, and gender inequalities further contribute to making condom use a difficult issue. There should be a change in focus in condom campaigns. Efforts should also be made to encourage young people to ‘emotionally invest’ in their health by using condoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reveals sexual risk behaviors of Puerto Rican drug users in East Harlem, New York and Bayamon, Puerto Rico. Rates of HIV/AIDS; Differences in perceptions of risks and cultural norms between the two locations; Recommendations for enhancing HIV risk reduction efforts.

Over 500 university students in Ankara, Turkey were surveyed to determine their knowledge, attitudes and perceptions of risk related to HIV/AIDS. Specific sexual behaviours and sexual communication behaviours of this population were also assessed. Respondents reported a moderate level of knowledge about the transmission, symptomology and prevention of the disease. Significant misconceptions regarding HIV/AIDS were found. Students' attitudes toward people with HIV/AIDS were contradictory showing both accepting and unaccepting views depending, in part, on their personal involvement with an HIV positive person. One third of the total participants reported sexual activity. The same individuals also described limited safer sexual behaviours. Regardless of sexual activity, student perceptions of their personal risk were low. Recommendations are made concerning HIV/AIDS education for Turkish university students including funding for volunteer organizations currently in place, and training formats for media personnel. À Ankara, en Turquie, plus de 500 étudiants de l'enseignement supérieur ont fait l'objet d'une enquête afin de déterminer leurs connaissances, attitudes et perceptions concernant les risques lies au VIH/Sida. Les comportements sexuels spcifiques de cette population, ainsi que ses comportements de communication sexuelle, ont également été examinés. Le niveau de connaissance sur la transmission, les symptomes et la prevention chez les repondants, eut moyen. Des connaissances erronées sont mises en évidence. Les attitudes des étudiants envers les personnes séropositives/malades du Sida sont contradictoires, présentant à la fois des sentiments d'acceptation et de non-acceptation qui dépendent, en partie, du fait que ces étudiants ont ou non des liens personnels avec des personnes séropositives. Un tiers des participants à l'enquéte a déclaré étre sexuellement actif. Ces mêmes participants ont également déclaré un niveau limité de protection dans leurs rapports exuels. Sans tenir compte de l'activité sexuelle, les étudiants ont une faible perception de leur propre risque. Des recommandations sont faites en matiere de l'éducation sur le VIH/Sida destinée aux étudiants turcs le financement des ONG et des programmes de formation pour les personnes travaillant dans les media. Se llevó a cabo un estudio con más de 500 universitarios en Ankara, Turquía, para determinar sus conocimientos, actitudes y percepciones de riesgo sobre VIH y sida. También se valoraron los comportamientos específicos en cuanto a la sexualidad y la actitud de comunicación sexual de esta población. Los entrevistados mostraron un nivel moderado de conocimientos sobre la transmisión, sintomatología y prevención de la enfermedad. Se observó un conocimiento erróneo significativo sobre VIH/sida. La actitud de los estudiantes hacia los individuos con VIH/sida eran contradictorias: expresaban al mismo tiempo opiniones favorables y desfavorables que dependían, en parte, de en quémedida conocían personalmente a alguien seropositivo. Un tercio del total de los participantes manifestaron ser activos sexualmente. Los mismos individuos mostraron también que la seguridad en sus comportamientos sexuales era limitada. Independientemente de la actividad sexual, el nivel era bajo en cuanto a las percepciones de los estudiantes sobre sus riesgos personales. En el artículo se dan recomendaciones en lo tocante al tema de la educación sobre VIH y sida para estudiantes universitarios, entre ellas la de recaudar fondos para las organizaciones voluntarias ya existentes y modeios de capacitacion para personal de los medios de comunicación. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For over 20 years, demographic analyses have shown female education associated with decreased fertility and infant/child mortality in sub-Saharan Africa. Far less studied are the pathways and overall effects of female education upon Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs). An earlier 1996 study of one community of Ariaal Rendille pastoralists in Marsabit District of northern Kenya, suggested that female education may reduce the risk of STIs by removing educated adolescent women from the cultural tradition of pre-marital sexual relationships featuring early sexual debut and frequent partner change. Log-linear analysis of a 1998 sample of 127 adolescent women supports this model, with female education being negatively associated with the nykeri tradition. However, the full potential of female education for lowering STI risk may be negated by traditional Ariaal cultural patterns of differentially sending boys rather than girls to school. Au cours des vingt dernières années, diverses analyses démographiques ont démontréque l'eéducation des femmes va de pair avec une diminution de la fertilitéet de la mortalitéperinatale en Afrique subsaharienne. Cependant, l'impact global de l'éducation des femmes sur les maladies sexuellement transmissibles (MST) a été beaucoup moins étudiée. Dans une étude réalisée de 1996, qui portait sur une communautéde pasteurs Ariaal Rendille, résidant dans la région de Marsabit au Kenya, nous avions suggéréque l'éducation des femmes pourrait réduire leur risque de MST en permettant aux adolescentes scolarisées de prendre de la distance par rapport à la tradition culturelle des rapports sexuels pré-maritaux, qui se caractérise par une initiation une initiation sexuelle précoce et des changements de partenaire fréquents. Une analyse log-linéaire, effectuée sur des données de 1998 auprès d'un échantillon de 127 adolescentes, corrobore cette hypothése en montrant une corrélation négative entre l'éducation des femmes et la tradition du nykeri. Cependant, cette potentialitépourrait être réduite par les usages culturels traditionnels des Ariaals, qui envoient de préférence les garçons à l'école plutôt que les filles, ce qui diminue les chances que l'éducation des femmes réduisent le risque de MST. Los análisis demográficos demuestran que desde hace más de 20 anás la educacián de la poblacián femenina ha disminuido la fecundidad y la mortalidad infantil en África subsahariana. Pero se han estudiado mucho menos las rutas y los efectos generales que tiene la educacián femenina en las infecciones de transmisián sexual. Según un estudio anterior realizado en 1996 en la comunidad pastoril de Ariaal Rendille en el distrito de Marsabit, al norte de Kenia, la educacián de la poblacián femenina se puede disminuir el riesgo de adquirir enfermedades de transmisián sexual porque distancia a las adolescentes educadas de la tradición cultural, que estimula las tempranas relaciones sexuales prematrimoniales, y los cambios frecuentes de pareja. El análisis log-lineal de una muestra de entre realizada en 1998, 127 mujeres jóvenes, confirma este modelo en el que la educación de la población femenina se asocia negativamente con la tradición nykeri. Sin embargo, todo el potencial que tien la educación femenina para intentar disminuir las enfermedades de transmisión sexual puede ser invalidado por el tradicional modelo cultural de la comunidad Ariaal en el que los chicos van al colegio, pero no las chicas, reduciendo el potencial de la educación femenina para disminuir los riesgos de infecciones de transmisión sexual. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Comments on the need of macro-social view on HIV/AIDS epidemic for social research in Oceania. Recognition of HIV/AIDS workers capacity to conduct researches; Educational interventions for HIV/AIDS victims; Cultural and socio-economic contribution of HIV/AIDS.