1. Formation pathways of metal–organic frameworks proceeding through partial dissolution of the metastable phase
- Author
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Christopher P. Ireland, Bess Vlaisavljevich, Andrzej Gładysiak, Wouter van Beek, Kevin J. Gagnon, Pascal Miéville, Peter G. Boyd, Davide Tiana, Pascal Schouwink, Kyriakos C. Stylianou, Samantha L. Anderson, and Berend Smit
- Subjects
Chemical transformation ,Chemistry ,Rational design ,Physics::Optics ,Nanotechnology ,02 engineering and technology ,General Chemistry ,010402 general chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Condensed Matter Physics ,01 natural sciences ,0104 chemical sciences ,Solvent ,Chemical engineering ,Phase (matter) ,Metastability ,General Materials Science ,Metal-organic framework ,Chemical stability ,0210 nano-technology ,Dissolution - Abstract
Understanding how crystalline materials are assembled is important for the rational design of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), through streamlining their synthesis and controlling their properties for targeted applications. Herein, we report for the first time the construction of two 3-dimensional Tb(III) based MOFs; a metastable MOF acting as an intermediate phase, that partially dissolves and transforms into a chemically and thermodynamically stable MOF. This chemical transformation occurs solely in a N,N-dimethylformamide/water solvent mixture, and is triggered when additional energy is provided to the reaction. In situ studies reveal the partial dissolution of the metastable phase after which the MOF components are reassembled into the thermodynamically stable phase. The marked difference in thermal and chemical stability between the kinetically and thermodynamically controlled phases is contrasted by their identical chemical building unit composition.
- Published
- 2017
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