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This paper reveals special design features of the proposed highly nonlinear circular-lattice-silicon-core and silica-doped-with-fluorine (1%) cladding-composite photonic crystal fiber (PCF) in the Mid-infrared region of the spectrum. A region of small negative group velocity dispersion (GVD), managed higher order dispersions (HODs), and unique nonlinearity of silicon have been used to demonstrate a supercontinuum broadening from 1500 nm to 4700 nm with consumption of low input power of 400 W over short fiber distances. It will be also shown that the fiber’s high-level engineered structure finally results in a simple manufacturing process compared with other designed nano-sized silicon PCFs. The designed fiber could have massive potential in gas sensing, soliton effect pulse compression, spectroscopy, material processing, etc.

Efficiency has been known to be one of the most important factors in a solar cell. This article presents the results of a simulation performed on a perovskite/CIGS dual-junction solar cell. In this report, first, a top solar cell consisting of a perovskite absorber layer is simulated using the pn-junction; the separation and transfer of carriers in this structure are done by the internal electric field. The pn-junction has a discharge area smaller than the pin-junction, which increases carrier recombination and reduces optical losses. The perovskite band gap of 1.9 eV is considered, and the efficiency is 21.65% using the Au electrode. Then, the bottom solar cell is fabricated with a CIGS absorbent layer with a 1.4 eV band gap and an efficiency of 11.46%. After simulating and evaluating the performance of the top and bottom solar cells independently, both cells were simulated and examined for the dual-junction state. Since the perovskite and CIGS band gaps are both adjustable, these two materials can act as a proper partner for an absorbent layer in a dual-junction solar cell. In this structure, instead of the usual connection of p-i-n and n-i-p perovskite, n-type and p-type homojunction perovskite connection is used, in which the transfer and separation of carriers are done by an internal electric field. Due to the fact that in this structure, the discharge area is smaller, the recombination of carriers is increased, and the light losses are reduced, which will increase the absorption and efficiency of the cell. The results show that in the tandem design, we encounter an increase in Voc (2.25 V), thus increasing the efficiency of the solar cell (30.71%).