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The Thai freshwater shrimps of the family Atyidae are reviewed. A taxonomic synopsis is given here to the 19 species so far known from Thailand, including two new species, namely Caridina thai sp. nov. and C. kottelati sp. nov. Two species are recorded for the first time from Thailand, namely C. annandalei , and C. rangoona. Caridina siamensis is resurrected and regarded as senior synonym for C. villadolidi. Most of the landlocked species found in Thailand are endemic to the regions of Indo-China (Caridina annandalei , C. lanceifrons , C. macrophora , C. rangoona , and C. tonkinensis) or Sundaland (C. johnsoni and C. temasek). Apart from the recently described C. panhai and the two new species, C. gracilima is the only confirmed endemic species for Thailand. Descriptions for new and poorly known species, diagnosis for newly recorded species and taxonomic discussions for all species are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]