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To elevate dietary fibre content in wheat bread, additions of barley flour were tested (30%) alone, and in combination with 5% or 10% of chestnut and acorn flour. Acorn flour elevated dietary fibre content more effectively than the chestnut flour did (TDF up to 7.8%). Non-gluten nature of proteins in non-traditional raw materials also affected farinograph, extensograph and amylograph features, used for predicting bakery procedure. Technological parameters (Falling Number, Zeleny sedimentation value) decreased to nearly 30% compared to the wheat flour. Water absorption increased about 2% in total, especially owing to the chestnut presence in the composite flour. All three alternative crops slowed dough development, but the dough softening degree depended on their combination. Viscoelastic behaviour has worsened (mainly parameter extensograph energy), depending on the type and the addition of the non- traditional products in the tested mixtures. Changes of suspension structure were reflected in maximum viscosity, which became lower during the amylograph test. A significant worsening of the buns specific volume and vaulting reflected a partial dilution of the gluten network of the dough. The highest addition of the chestnut flour in the recipe caused a decrease to less than one half compared to the wheat product. By the principal component analysis, some rheological parameters, together with specific bread volume, were identified as principal for sample distinguishing. In terms of wheat flour and bread quality, barley flour addition in the mixtures had a prevailing effect on the tested tri-composites.

Summary Addition of non-traditional raw-materials and flours into wheat flour follows contemporary trend of manufacturing nutritionally healthier fermented bakery products. Aim of the study follows this tendency, evaluating nutritional improvement of composite flour and baking potential of prepared wheat-hemp flour composites. Hemp products addition significantly increased both protein and dietary fibre contents. Between five types of hemp flour, differences were observed according to incorporated amount (wheat flour substitution from 5% to 20%). In composites containing 20% of hemp flour and dehulled hemp wholemeal, protein content increased to 14.9% and to 15.7%, respectively (compared to 12.5% proteins in control wheat flour). Dietary fibre content change was governed unequivocally by addition level for both hemp flour and hemp wholemeal. Hemp wholemeal affected the solvent retention capacity (SRC) profile of the wheat flour used in a broader extent than hemp flour done, interacting moreover with addition level applied. Significant diminishing was measured for the sucrose and the lactic acid SRC, which describe physicochemical stage of starch and proteins in prepared composites. Addition of 5% and 20% of dehulled hemp wholemeal decreased the formed SRC from 112.0% to 102.3% and to 64.1%, and the latter SRC from 182.6% to 108.0 and to 78.3%, respectively. Smaller bread volume and worse shape were evaluated as the amount of hemp flour gradually increased; wholemeal form had more or less a positive effect. Correspondingly to that, crumb firmness measured by penetration test was found approximately half for hemp flour composite bread than for the hemp wholemeal ones.