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Listrura depinnai, new species, is described from a small swampy area belonging to Laguna dos Patos system, Municipality of Viamao, Rio Grande do Sul state, southern Brazil. It occurs within the wildlife reserve Refugio de Vida Silvestre Banhado dos Pachecos, and represents the southernmost record of the glanapterygine catfishes. The new species is easily distinguished from remaining Listrura by having the following putative autapomorphies: the region below the midline of flank covered by several spots (vs. unpigmented or with a slender row of small spots); the caudal peduncle at procurrent-ray folds deeper than the preanal portion of body (vs. approximately the same depth); and the presence of a conspicuous intumescence adjacent to the posterodorsal margin of the pectoral-fin base (vs. swelling slight or absent). Putative phylogenetic positions of Listrura depinnai are herein discussed. Listrura depinnai, especie nova, e descrita de uma pequena area alagada pertencente ao sistema da Laguna dos Patos, Mun...