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Objectives: This study aimed to examine the characteristics of foreign-born abortion patients compared to those born in the Unites States and to explore whether barriers for foreign-born patients varied by state Medicaid coverage of abortion care., Study Design: We used data from the Guttmacher Institute's 2021-2022 Abortion Patient Survey, a national sample of patients obtaining clinic-based abortion care in the United States. We compared sociodemographic characteristics of foreign- and US born respondents, as well as barriers to care. Among foreign-born patients, we compared those in Medicaid coverage states vs states that restrict Medicaid coverage., Results: Some 12% of the 6429 respondents were born outside the United States. Compared to US born patients, they were less likely to have Medicaid coverage and more likely to be Asian/Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander or Hispanic, to have no health insurance, and to have completed the survey in Spanish. In addition, foreign-born patients were more likely to report delays because they did not know where to get an abortion (18.3% vs. 12.6% for US born). Compared to foreign-born patients living in Medicaid coverage states, those in non-Medicaid states reported multiple barriers, particularly related to cost: respondents in non-Medicaid states were three times as likely to pay out of pocket for abortion (75.8% vs 27.4%) and five times more likely to rely on financial assistance (24.1% vs 4.8%)., Conclusions: Foreign-born abortion patients face knowledge and financial barriers to accessing abortion care compared to those who are US born, and these financial burdens are amplified for those living in non-Medicaid coverage states., Implications: Abortion patients born outside the United States may have overcome many obstacles to obtain care. Expanding state Medicaid coverage of abortion could reduce cost burdens for foreign-born populations., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Objectives: The Guttmacher Institute estimated that, in 2014, 24% of US women of reproductive age would have an abortion by age 45 if the 2014 abortion rate was maintained. This study updates the estimated lifetime incidence of abortion in the year(s) just prior to the Dobbs decision, which removed federal protections for abortion., Study Design: We used data from the Guttmacher Institute's 2021-2022 Abortion Patient Survey and population data for 2020 and 2021 from the Census Bureau, as well as abortion counts from the Guttmacher Institute's 2020 Abortion Provider Census, to estimate abortion rates, first-abortion rates, and cumulative abortion rates, all by age group. We calculated multiple estimates of lifetime incidence under varying hypothetical conditions as tests of sensitivity., Results: We estimate that 24.7% (95% CI: 22.9-26.3) of women aged 15-44 in 2020 would have had an abortion by age 45 if abortion rates in 2020 remain constant. These figures changed slightly when we examined scenarios assuming a 5% increase in abortion between 2020 and 2021 (25.9, 95% CI: 24.0-27.6) and when we adjusted for the potential overrepresentation of adolescent and young adult respondents in the 2021-2022 Abortion Patient Survey (23.9, 95% CI: 22.2-25.6)., Conclusions: In the year(s) prior to the Dobbs decision, one-quarter of US women would have been expected to have at least one abortion in their lifetime if abortion rates for those years stayed the same., Implications: Significant numbers of individuals are being affected by abortion bans, but we are unable to predict how these restrictions will impact abortion incidence or the lifetime incidence in the coming years., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Objectives: This study aimed to compare the characteristics of people obtaining medication and procedural abortions in clinical settings in the United States., Study Design: We conducted a cross-sectional survey of people obtaining abortions at a sample of 56 US facilities between June 2021 and July 2022. We restricted analyses to patients with pregnancies less than 11 weeks' gestation presenting at 43 clinics offering both medication and procedural abortion. We conducted bivariate analyses and multivariable logistic regression to identify factors associated with obtaining a medication vs procedural abortion., Results: Our analytic sample includes 4717 respondents, 57% of whom obtained a medication abortion. In bivariate analyses, individuals who identified as Asian or White, had no prior births or abortions, or were paying out of pocket were all more likely to have a medication abortion. Non-Hispanic Black individuals, those with incomes at or below the poverty level, and those paying with insurance were more likely to have a procedural abortion. Some 24% of respondents chose the facility because it offered medication abortion, but even after controlling for this proxy for method preference in a logistic regression model, Black respondents and those with poverty-level incomes were less likely to have a medication abortion., Conclusions: The findings of the study suggest that Black individuals and those with low incomes-who often face systemic barriers to care-are less likely to have medication abortions. When medication abortion is the only option available, for example, at a medication-only clinic or from an online source, these groups may be most impacted by the lack of options., Implications: To the extent possible, offering both medication and procedural abortion and increasing access to both types are important to meet patients' individual needs and preferences., (Copyright © 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Objectives: To examine contraceptive methods used by adolescent/young adult women of diverse sexual orientations., Study Design: We collected data from 12,902 females, born 1982-1995, from the longitudinal Growing Up Today Study., Results: Compared to heterosexuals, lesbians were half as likely to use contraceptives; other sexual minority subgroups (e.g., bisexuals) were more likely to use contraceptives, particularly long-acting reversible contraceptives., Conclusions: Many sexual minority women use contraception throughout adolescence/young adulthood, though use is low among lesbians., Implications: With limited contraception use, lesbians miss opportunities for care and need to be brought into the healthcare system in other ways., (Copyright © 2020. Published by Elsevier Inc.)

Objective: To examine fertility intentions among abortion patients and the potential of abortion for avoiding short birth intervals., Study Design: We used national data from a sample of more than 8000 individuals obtaining abortions in the United States in 2014. We created a measure of fertility intentions based on prior births and responses to an item asking about future childbearing expectations. We identify respondents who reported having a birth in the last 12 months as at risk of a short birth interval. We used simple logistic regression to assess for differences in these measures according to key demographic variables., Results: Most commonly, 39% of patients intended to have (more) children, with similar proportions wanting to delay a first birth (20%) or postpone a second or higher order birth (19%). Some 31% of abortion patients had completed childbearing; they had one or more prior births and did not want to have any more children. Similar proportions of respondents were not sure if they wanted to have children (16%) or did not want to have any children (15%). Among abortion patients who had children, 14% had had a birth in the prior year. We estimate that as many as 77,800 short birth intervals were averted in 2014 because individuals had access to abortion., Conclusions: These findings support the view that abortion allows individuals to plan and space their births according to their reproductive life plans and intentions., Implications: Access to abortion may help thousands of individuals in the United States avoid short birth intervals, potentially leading to improvements in maternal and child health., (Copyright © 2020. Published by Elsevier Inc.)

Objectives: To examine contraceptive methods used across sexual orientation groups., Study Design: We collected data from 118,462 female participants in two longitudinal cohorts-the Nurses' Health Study (NHS) 2 (founded in 1989, participants born 1947-1964) and NHS3 (founded in 2010, born 1965-1995). We used log-binomial models to estimate contraceptive methods ever used across sexual orientation groups and cohorts, adjusting for age and race., Results: Lesbians were the least likely of all sexual orientation groups to use any contraceptive method. Lesbians in NHS2 were 90% less likely than heterosexuals to use long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARCs; adjusted risk ratio [aRR]; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.10 [0.04, 0.26]) and results were similar for other contraceptive methods and in the NHS3 cohort. Compared to the reference group of completely heterosexual participants with no same-sex partners, those who identified as completely heterosexual with same-sex partners, mostly heterosexual, or bisexual were generally more likely to use any method of contraception. Use of LARCs was especially striking across sexual minority groups, and, with the exception of lesbians, they were more likely to use LARCs; as one illustration, NHS3 bisexuals were more than twice as likely to use LARCs (aRR [95% CI]: 2.01 [1.67, 2.42])., Conclusions: While certain sexual minority subgroups (e.g., bisexuals) were more likely than heterosexuals to use contraceptive methods such as LARCs, lesbians were less likely to use any method., Implications: Many sexual minority patients need contraceptive counseling and providers should ensure to offer this counseling to patients in need, regardless of sexual orientation., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Objectives: To assess factors associated with pregnancy fatalism among U.S. adult women., Study Design: I used data from the Change and Consistency in Contraceptive Use study, which collected information from a national sample of 4634 U.S. women aged 18-39 at baseline (59% response rate). I assessed pregnancy fatalism based on agreement with the statement: "It doesn't matter whether I use birth control, when it is my time to get pregnant, it will happen." I compared fatalism among all respondents to fatalism among respondents who were trying to get pregnant and those who did not want to get pregnant but were not using contraception. I used logistic regression to assess associations between nonuse of contraception and pregnancy fatalism at baseline and whether respondents were trying to get pregnant 6 months later., Results: Overall, 36% of the sample expressed some degree of pregnancy fatalism, and proportions were higher for respondents trying to get pregnant (55%) and those not using contraception (57%). The association between pregnancy fatalism and trying to get pregnant was maintained after controlling for other characteristics [odds ratio (OR) 1.4, p=.01], as was the association for nonuse of contraception (OR 2.08, p<.001). Contraceptive nonusers at baseline were more likely than users to be trying to get pregnant 6 months later, especially if they expressed a fatalistic outlook at baseline., Conclusions: Pregnancy fatalism may be a common outlook among women who are trying to get pregnant. Associations between fatalism and nonuse of contraception may be more complex than previously recognized., Implications: Gaining a better understanding of the dynamics of pregnancy planning might inform our understanding of why some women do not use contraception., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Objectives: Contraceptive prevalence in the United States is typically calculated according to the most effective method of contraception reported. This could theoretically underestimate the number of women using fertility-awareness based methods (FABMs), including those who use other methods (e.g., condoms) during the fertile window, but the extent of any such underestimation has not been assessed., Study Design: We used data from the 2013-2015 National Survey of Family Growth to examine the extent to which women report use of an FABM alone or with other methods. We investigated FABM use patterns and compared demographic profiles of FABM users versus other contraceptive users. We considered how to most appropriately define FABM prevalence., Results: One in six (16.5%) female contraceptors 15-44 reported use of multiple contraceptive methods in their month of interview. Among women reporting current FABM use, 67% used it alone or with withdrawal, 24% also used condoms or emergency contraception, and 9% also used hormonal contraception or sterilization. An FABM was the most effective method reported for 2.2% of current contraceptive users; while 3.2% of contraceptors reported any current FABM use. We posit an FABM prevalence of 3% (1,113,000 users) among US female contraceptors (2013-2015). FABM users had similar sociodemographic characteristics as other method users, but were more likely married., Conclusions: Currently, consideration of multiple method use has modest implications for estimation of FABM prevalence among contraceptors (i.e., an increase from 2.2% to 3%). However, multiple method use patterns with FABMs may merit special consideration if FABM use continues to increase., Implications: Researchers and providers need to be familiar with the unique patterns of use among FABM users in order to more effectively measure and counsel about these methods., (Copyright © 2018. Published by Elsevier Inc.)

Objective: To examine the motivations and circumstances of individuals seeking information about self-abortion on the Internet., Study Design: We identified 26 terms that we anticipated someone might use to find information about self-abortion on the internet. Users who entered these terms into the Google search engine were provided with a link to our survey via Google AdWords. We fielded the survey over a 32-day period; users were eligible if accessing the survey from a US-based device. We examined demographic characteristics of the sample, reasons for searching for information on self-abortion, knowledge of the legality of abortion and of nearby providers, and top performing keywords., Results: Our Google AdWords campaign containing the survey link was shown approximately 210,000 times, and clicked 9,800 times; 1,235 respondents completed the survey. The vast majority of the sample was female (96%), and 41% were minors. Almost three-quarters (73%) indicated that they were searching for information because they were pregnant and did not or may not want to be. Eleven percent had ever attempted to self-abort. One-third of respondents did not know if abortion was legal in their state of residence, and knowledge of legality did not differ by age., Conclusions: There is interest in learning more about self-abortion on the Internet. Our findings suggest that, among those who participated in our survey, online searches for information on self-abortion may be driven by adolescents and young adults facing an unintended pregnancy., Implications: Young women, in particular, may have an unmet need for information about safe and accessible abortion options., (Copyright © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Objective: The objective was to examine the provision of abortion by obstetrician-gynecologists in private practice in the United States (U.S.) and their willingness to provide referrals for abortion services., Study Design: We conducted a cross-sectional national survey of 1961 U.S. obstetrician-gynecologists to estimate the frequency with which abortions and referrals for abortion care were provided in private practice settings. Key measures included whether respondents had provided any abortions in 2013 or 2014, type of abortions provided and willingness to provide abortion referrals. Facility location by region was the only measured correlate of abortion provision., Results: We received a total of 988 surveys for a response rate of 65%. Sixty-seven (7%) obstetrician-gynecologists reported providing at least one abortion in 2013 or 2014, though this result ranged from 4% (n=23) to 13% (n=44) of obstetrician-gynecologists depending on survey response type. Among physicians practicing in the Northeast and West, 14% and 10%, respectively (n=24 in each region) were abortion providers compared to 4% (n=9) and 3% (n=10) of physicians in the Midwest and South, respectively. Twenty-three (42%) providers indicated only performing surgical abortions, 14 (25%) indicated only medication abortions, and 18 (33%) reported providing both. Among respondents who did not provide abortions, just over half (n=415, 54%) indicated that they referred patients to a facility or practice where they could obtain an abortion, but 271 (35%) said they would not provide a referral., Conclusions: Only a small proportion of all obstetrician-gynecologists in private practice settings provide abortions. Among nonproviders, a substantial minority do not offer abortion referrals., Implications: Particularly in geographic areas with few abortion providers, continued efforts are needed to equip medical professionals with information and training to make direct referrals., (Copyright © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Objectives: The objective was to determine whether types of contraceptive methods used by abortion patients in the month they became pregnant changed between 2000 and 2014., Study Design: We used secondary data from the 2000 (n=10,015) and 2014 (8177) Abortion Patient Surveys. Patients were asked which contraceptive methods they had last used and when they had stopped or if they were still using them. The main outcome variable was type of contraceptive method used in the month the pregnancy began. We used bivariate logistic regressions to assess changes in the demographic and contraceptive use profiles of abortion patients., Results: In both years, slightly more than half of patients reported that they had used a contraceptive method in the month they became pregnant, though the decline from 54% in 2000 to 51% in 2014 was statistically significant (p=.011). The methods most commonly reported to have been used in the month the pregnancy began were condoms (28% and 24% in 2000 and 2014, p<.001) followed by the pill (14% and 13%, p=.12). There was a statistically significant increase in the proportion of abortion patients who reported using long-acting reversible methods in the month they got pregnant (0.1% in 2000 vs. 1% in 2014, p<.001), and the estimated number of abortions attributed to these users was greater in 2014 than in 2000 (9500 vs. 1800)., Conclusions: Contraceptive use patterns of abortion patients were similar in both time periods, and changes in method use mirrored changes in contraceptive use among the larger population of women., Implications: Postabortion contraception counseling has the potential to help nonusers find methods that meet their preferences and to help women better use their current methods., (Copyright © 2018 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Objectives: This study examines the cognitive and affective dimensions of pregnancy attitudes in order to better recognize the role of each in pregnancy ambivalence as well as the relative importance of each in understanding contraceptive use., Study Design: Data from a national sample of 2894 women aged 18-39, gathered at baseline and 6 months later, were used to examine a measure of pregnancy avoidance (cognitive) and a measure of happiness about pregnancy (affective), both separately and jointly. I used bivariate and multivariate analysis to examine associations between attitudinal measures and consistent contraceptive use. I also examined changes in attitudes over time and associations between changes in attitudes and changes in consistent contraceptive use., Results: While a majority of women, 53%, indicated that it was very important to avoid pregnancy, a substantially lower proportion, 23%, would have been very unhappy to be pregnant. In logistic regression models that included both measures, only pregnancy avoidance was associated with consistent contraceptive use. Cognitive attitude was less likely than affective attitude to change over time; additionally, change in pregnancy avoidance, but not happiness, was associated with change in consistent contraceptive use., Conclusion(s): Pregnancy avoidance appears to play a more important role in understanding consistent contraceptive use. Findings from this study provide support for the idea that positive feelings about a pregnancy do not contradict a desire to avoid conception and that feelings and intentions may be distinct concepts for many women., Implications: Health care providers should assess patients' pregnancy avoidance attitude but also recognize that this can change over a short period of time for some women and should be evaluated regularly., (Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Objectives: Fatalism is the idea that outside forces have control over events. Pregnancy and pregnancy prevention play a prominent role in many women's lives, and we sought to understand if and how fatalism informed their thinking about these issues., Study Design: We conducted in-depth interviews with 52 unmarried women between the ages of 18 and 30. We used NVivo to analyze the transcripts. The current analysis focuses on the ways that women discussed fatalism and pregnancy both in response to a direct question and as it came up spontaneously., Results: The majority of respondents expressed a mix of fatalistic and non-fatalistic views about pregnancy. Many related that "fate," "destiny" and/or God play a role in pregnancy, but most also asserted that pregnancy risk could be substantially reduced, most commonly by using contraception. Fatalism sometimes served a positive function, for example as a mechanism to deal with an unintended pregnancy. Having a fatalistic outlook did not preclude contraceptive use. Rather, some women using highly effective methods related that if they were to become pregnant, they would interpret it as a sign that the pregnancy was "meant to happen." Finally some women related that there was no guarantee a woman could get pregnant when she wanted to, suggesting that some degree of fatalism may be inevitable when it comes to pregnancy., Conclusions: Fatalism and agency should not be viewed as opposing outlooks when it comes to pregnancy and pregnancy prevention; having fatalistic views about pregnancy does not preclude contraceptive use., Implications: Given that women do not have total control over attainment of a wanted pregnancy or even prevention of pregnancy, some amount of fatalism about fertility is a logical and pragmatic response. Both research and clinical practice need to recognize that fatalism and contraceptive use are often not in conflict., (Copyright © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Objectives: The Affordable Care Act's expansions to Medicaid and private coverage are of particular importance for women of childbearing age, who have numerous preventive care and reproductive health care needs., Study Design: We conducted two national surveys, one in 2012 and one in 2015, collecting information about health insurance coverage and access to care from 8000 women aged 18-39. We examine type of insurance and continuity of coverage between time periods, including poverty status and whether or not women live in a state that expanded Medicaid coverage., Results: The proportion of women who were uninsured declined by almost 40% (from 19% to 12%), though several groups, including US-born and foreign-born Latinas, experienced no significant declines. Among low-income women in states that expanded Medicaid, the proportion uninsured declined from 38% to 15%, largely due to an increase in Medicaid coverage (from 40% to 62%). Declines in uninsurance in nonexpansion states were only marginally significant., Conclusions: Despite substantial improvements in health insurance coverage, significant gaps remain, particularly in states that have not expanded Medicaid and for Latinas., Implications: This analysis examines changes in insurance coverage that occurred after the Affordable Care Act was implemented. While coverage has improved for many populations, sizeable gaps in coverage remain for Latinas and women in states that did not expand Medicaid., (Copyright © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Background: The Affordable Care Act requires most private health plans to cover contraceptive methods, services and counseling, without any out-of-pocket costs to patients; that requirement took effect for millions of Americans in January 2013., Study Design: Data for this study come from a subset of the 1842 women aged 18-39 years who responded to all four waves of a national longitudinal survey. This analysis focuses on the 892 women who had private health insurance and who used a prescription contraceptive method during any of the four study periods. Women were asked about the amount they paid out of pocket in an average month for their method of choice., Results: Between fall 2012 and spring 2014, the proportion of privately insured women paying zero dollars out of pocket for oral contraceptives increased substantially, from 15% to 67%. Similar changes occurred among privately insured women using injectable contraception, the vaginal ring and the intrauterine device., Conclusions: The implementation of the federal contraceptive coverage requirement appears to have had a notable impact on the out-of-pocket costs paid by privately insured women, and that impact has increased over time., Implications: This study measures the out-of-pocket costs for women with private insurance prior to the federal contraceptive coverage requirement and after it took effect; in doing so, it highlights areas of progress in eliminating these costs., (Copyright © 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Objective: Research assessing contraceptive use often focuses on the most effective method used and suggests that very few women rely on withdrawal. We adopted a new measurement strategy in an attempt to measure contraceptive practices and withdrawal in particular., Study Design: We collected data from a national sample of 4634 US women aged 18-39; the survey was administered online in November and December 2012. We obtained information about recent use of hormonal methods and coital methods using two separate items, and we placed withdrawal first on the list of coital methods. The analysis examines several measures of withdrawal use in the last 30 days: most effective method used, any use, use with other methods and withdrawal "method mix.", Results: Among women at risk of unintended pregnancy, 13% reported that withdrawal was the most effective method used in the last 30 days, but 33% had used withdrawal at least once. Most women who used withdrawal had also used a hormonal or long-acting method (13% of the sample) or condoms (11%) in the last 30 days, and a minority reported using only withdrawal (12%). Younger women, women in dating relationships and women strongly motivated to avoid pregnancy had some of the highest levels of "dual" use of withdrawal with condoms or highly effective methods., Conclusion: Many women and couples in our sample used withdrawal in combination, or rotation, with condoms and highly effective methods. Findings suggest that some people who use withdrawal may be more versus less vigilant about pregnancy prevention., Implications: Health care providers who discuss contraception should include withdrawal in these conversations. A substantial minority of individuals has used it recently, and many appear to be using it as a backup or secondary method. If dual use were more widespread, it could help reduce the incidence of unintended pregnancy., (Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Background: As part of the Affordable Care Act, a federal requirement for private health plans to cover contraceptive methods, services and counseling, without any out-of-pocket costs to patients, took effect for millions of Americans in January 2013., Study Design: Data for this study come from a subset of the 3207 women aged 18-39 years who responded to two waves of a national longitudinal survey. This analysis focused on the 889 women who were using hormonal contraceptive methods in both the fall 2012 and spring 2013 waves and the 343 women who used the intrauterine device at either wave. Women were asked about the amount they paid out of pocket in an average month for their method of choice., Results: Between Wave 1 and Wave 2, the proportion of privately insured women paying zero dollars out of pocket for oral contraceptives increased substantially, from 15% to 40%; by contrast, there was no significant change among publicly insured or uninsured women (whose coverage was not affected by the new federal requirement). Similar changes were seen among privately insured women using the vaginal ring., Conclusions: The initial implementation of the federal contraceptive coverage requirement appears to have had a notable impact on the out-of-pocket costs paid by privately insured women. Additional progress is likely as the requirement phases in to apply to more private plans, but with evidence that not all methods are being treated equally, policymakers should consider stepped-up oversight and enforcement of the provision., Implications: This study measures the out-of-pocket costs for women with private, public and no insurance prior to the federal contraceptive coverage requirement and after it took effect; in doing so, it highlights areas of progress in eliminating these costs and areas that need further progress., (Copyright © 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Background: Little is known about the characteristics of second-trimester abortion patients., Study Design: Data come from a national sample of 9493 women obtaining abortions in 2008. Chi-square statistics and logistic regression were used to examine demographic characteristics of women having abortions at 13 or more weeks since last menstrual period (LMP) and women having abortions at 13-15 weeks LMP compared to 16+ weeks LMP., Results: In 2008, 10.3% of abortions in the United States were 13 weeks LMP or later, including 4.0% at 16+ weeks. Groups most likely to have abortions at 13 weeks or later included black women, women with less education, those using health insurance to pay for the procedure and those who had experienced three or more disruptive events in the last year. Groups more likely to have an abortion at 16 weeks or later included black women, higher income women and those paying with health insurance., Conclusions: Black women and those with less education would most benefit from increased availability of first-trimester abortion services., (Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Background: About half of US women having abortions have already had at least one prior abortion. Facilitating access to contraception may help these women avoid subsequent unintended pregnancies. Information is needed to document the availability of contraceptive services in abortion care settings in the United States., Study Design: Data for this cross-sectional mixed-methods study were collected between December 2008 and September 2009 and come from two sources: 15 semistructured telephone interviews and 173 structured questionnaires administered to a nationally representative sample of eligible facilities. Respondents were administrators at large (400+ abortions per year), nonhospital facilities that provide abortion services in the United States., Results: Virtually all (96%) abortion clinics incorporate contraceptive education into abortion care, and the three most common methods reported to be distributed are the birth control pill (99%), the vaginal ring (61%) and Depo-Provera (58%). Almost one-third reported being able to offer post-abortion intrauterine device insertion. Most facilities (82%) accept some form of insurance for either contraceptive or abortion services, and those with a broader family planning focus are significantly more likely to do so. Administrators at the majority of facilities (56%) report that patients most commonly do not pay additional fees for contraceptive services because they are included in the cost of abortion services., Conclusion: Although almost all large, non-hospital abortion providers in the United States are able to provide some level of contraceptive care to their abortion patients, the degree to which they are able to do so is influenced by a wide range of factors., (Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)