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Copper, diagnostics, dimethylglyoxime, metal release, nickel, nickel allergy, DMG Keywords: copper; diagnostics; dimethylglyoxime; DMG; metal release; nickel; nickel allergy EN copper diagnostics dimethylglyoxime DMG metal release nickel nickel allergy 431 433 3 04/14/22 20220501 NES 220501 The dimethylglyoxime (DMG) spot test is widely used to screen for nickel release that may cause allergic nickel contact dermatitis in allergic individuals. The tested earring with nickel release of 0.87 g/cm SB 2 sb /week was expected to become DMG spot test positive, but this result was possibly masked due to the brown discolouration caused by a DMG-copper reaction (Figure 2). [Extracted from the article]

Background: Metalworkers are exposed to many sensitizing and irritant substances. There are no published data on contact allergy in this population in the Baltic countries. Objectives: To detect skin symptoms related to occupational exposure and to describe the reactivity pattern to the European baseline series in workers from two metal plants in Lithuania. Methods: In this cross‐sectional study 185 metalworkers (154 production workers and 31 office staff) filled an interviewer‐administered questionnaire. Patch testing was performed in 135 metalworkers and office staff, as a control group. Results: Metalworkers younger than 40 years complained statistically significantly more often of skin symptoms, especially on the hands and face, than older workers. Physician‐diagnosed skin diseases were reported in 1.7% of cases. Metalworkers, working <20 years in the factory, more often had skin symptoms. Contact with chemicals at the workplace was suspected as the main factor provoking skin symptoms. Metalworkers were sensitized mainly to cobalt, and nickel was the most prevalent allergen among office staff. Conclusion: Younger metalworkers more often had skin symptoms suspected of being work‐related compared to older ones. Sensitization to cobalt was more prevalent in the metalworkers than in the control group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Keywords: adolescent; allergic contact dermatitis; angioedema; nickel; patch test EN adolescent allergic contact dermatitis angioedema nickel patch test 263 265 3 03/22/21 20210401 NES 210401 The incidence of contact dermatitis among adolescents has been increasing.1 Nickel is the most common cutaneous contact allergen in children.2 Increased exposure to nickel and barrier dysfunction are the prominent risk factors for children.3 We present a case of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) with severe facial edema due to the application of chickpea water after sensitization from nickel. Adolescent, allergic contact dermatitis, angioedema, nickel, patch test. [Extracted from the article]

Background. Nickel is widely used in coins; nickel may cause contact allergy and allergic contact dermatitis in those who handle them. Objectives. To investigate alloy use, coin composition and nickel and cobalt release for a worldwide selection of currently circulating coins. Materials and methods. Eight hundred and fifty coins of 361 different denominations or issues from 52 countries were collected and analysed with X-ray fluorescence spectrometry and nickel and cobalt spot tests. Results. Copper-nickel was the most frequently identified coin alloy, being observed in 100 denominations (28%), followed by aluminium-bronze (62, 17%). In total, 239 denominations released nickel (28%). Coins from Bolivia, Brazil and Costa Rica did not release nickel. Fewer than one-third of the denominations or issues from China, India, the euro area and Indonesia released nickel. In the United States, the Russian Federation, Japan, and Mexico, one-third or more of the denominations released nickel. Conclusions. This worldwide selection of circulating coins covered countries with 75% of the world population, and shows that the majority of the world population lives in countries where coins release nickel. Pertinently, ∼ 40% of circulating coin denominations do not release nickel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nickel is used in coins because the metal has beneficial properties, including price, colour, weight, and corrosion resistance, and also because it is easy to stamp. It has often been claimed that the duration of skin contact with coins is too short to cause nickel release and dermatitis. However, it is well known by dermatologists specialized in occupational skin diseases, and by their nickel-allergic patients, that hand eczema in cashiers and other professionals who handle coins may be caused or aggravated by nickel release from coins. In this review, we present evidence from past studies showing that nickel-containing coins can indeed pose a risk for those who handle them. For protection of the health of consumers, cashiers, and other workers who handle coins, it is suggested that coins without nickel release should be used as a substitute for the high nickel-releasing coins currently in widespread use. The key risk factor in this situation is the ability of metal alloys in coins to release nickel and contaminate the skin after repeated contact from coin handling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The author reflects on the study regarding nickel skin level assessment in handling British nickel-plated coins. He states that the study used acid wipe sampling to determine the nickel release on the skin of volunteers who handled nickel-plated coins. An overview on the standard test made by Royal Mint Ltd., which introduced the nickel steel in 2012 is offered. The author adds that public health regulators, dermatologists, and general practitioners must be aware of the risk of hand dermatitis.

This article reports on a medical case of 7 female cashiers with a history of Eczema from wearing nickel containing jewellery. When patch tested with nickel sulphate 5% pet all showed positive reactions after 48 and 72 hrs. 3 of these with a long standing nickel allergy remained free of hand eczema for 2-8 years, 2 others with a long history of nickel allergy developed eczema only to a small extent while one patient had had eczema five and half years before she started working. These data suggest that it is still doubtful whether a patient with a clear history of nickel allergy should always be advised against working as a cashier.