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• The fatigue process of aged asphalt mixtures was assessed under two-point bending fatigue tests. • Acoustic emission technique can characterize the fatigue damage and failure mechanisms. • AE-hits could reflect the onset of damage and failure stages. • New thresholds to identify damage initiation and fracture propagation were proposed. • Classical failure criteria were analyzed and compared to the acoustic emission thresholds. This paper presents a new method for analyzing experimental data stemming from the Two-Point Bending (2 PB) fatigue test conducted on French standardized trapezoidal specimens, in accordance with the European standard EN 12697-24. These tests were performed on an asphalt mix specimen sawn from an in-service road pavement, adopting a loading frequency of 25 Hz and a target temperature of 10 °C. The Acoustic Emission (AE) technique was implemented to monitor the damage and failure processes during fatigue. The fatigue life, defined as the critical number of loading cycles inducing specimen failure, is investigated herein according to several methods, including a normalized criterion, models proposed in the literature, experimental fitting, and Acoustic Emission activity analysis. First, based on the AE analysis, new damage and failure criteria are proposed (Damage Initiation and Failure Propagation Thresholds). In a second step, the mechanical behavior is fitted, in terms of strain, force, stiffness modulus, and phase angle, using four functions, namely: a polynomial function, a continuous Fourier series, a sum of sine functions, and a Gaussian function. After the fitting process, the first derivative is calculated and the singular points of the curves are detected and discussed. Lastly, a phenomenological analysis is carried out in order to understand the damage and failure process stages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]