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• Wax additives, except MS, improve the workability of bitumen. • Wax additives other than SL harden the bitumen and improve rutting resistance. • The chemical interaction between D wax and bitumen is more pronounced than other wax additives. • The effect of wax-based additives on the thermal behavior of bitumen is negligible. • The effect of wax-based additives on the mechanical properties of bituminous mixtures differs according to the type of aggregate used. Although the use of waxes in bitumen modification is not new, the effect of waxes on bitumen and bituminous mixture performance is still a complex subject of debate. This study was carried out to address this complexity and to comprehensively demonstrate the effect of wax-based additives on bitumen and bituminous mixtures. In this context, the systematic quantitative literature review (SQLR) method, which is more objective than the verbal approach, was adopted, and the results were systematically compared based on the numerical data obtained from the studies in the literature. The effect of waxes on the physical, rheological, chemical, and thermal properties of bitumen and the performance characteristics of bituminous mixtures have been evaluated in detail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Cup lump modified bitumen emulsion is prepared using colloid mill method. • The effect of modification and emulsification is studied. • Cup lump modified bitumen emulsion shows enhanced physical and thermal properties. • Elemental analysis results in a stable multi-phase structure and satisfactory compatibility. • CLR Modification and emulsification improves the bee-structure of modified residues. In recent years, bitumen emulsion in cold mix asphalt (CMA) has gained much attention because of its economic and environmental benefits. However, cold mix asphalt faces some major concerns related to its performance. Bitumen modification with polymer is considered to be an effective way to enhance its performance. In the present study, cup lump rubber (CLR) was used as a new modifier for the preparation of new cup lump modified bitumen emulsions (CMBE) to improve its performance. In addition, to further understand the modification mechanism, we discussed the effect of CLR and emulsification on basic engineering properties, chemical composition compatibility, elemental compositions, thermal properties, phase microstructures, surface morphology, and micromechanical features of CMB and its evaporation residues. The results indicate that the basic properties of modified bitumen with CLR were improved, emulsification affects the basic performance to some extent. The inclusion of CLR did not show any significant change in the functional groups of CMB. Moreover, the CLR was dispersed homogeneously and resulted in a stable multi-phase structure of CMB, resulting in satisfactory compatibility. Whereas the emulsification did not affect the elemental composition of evaporation residues of CMB. Furthermore, the thermal stability was enhanced by CLR addition, and the emulsification further improved the thermal properties of all types of bitumen. In addition, the CLR modification and emulsification did not significantly affect the crystalline structure of bitumen and their evaporation residues. Finally, atomic force microscopy results exhibited that the addition of CLR increased the size of bee-structures, which prevented the oxidization of chemical components and enhanced the diffusion ability of bitumen molecules, but the emulsification decreased the size and increased the formation of bee structures, thus improving the physical properties of the evaporation residue of modified bitumen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]