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This text answers the 4 questions of the symposium "Ergonomics in the management of industrial risks: from a posteriori prevention to the design of safe socio-technical systems" on the practices of human and organisational reliability at French Railways. It describes the modes of analysis of the determinants of safety events by ergonomists and Human and Organisational Factors (HOF) actors, the place of this analysis in the experience feedback in order to make it a proactive tool for identifying risks. It discusses the action of ergonomists in various safety management systems: experience feedback, risk analysis, prescription documents, training and safety culture. It specifies the means of intervention of HOF actors in short, medium and long terms projects, as well as in innovative design. He concludes by referring to the way in which ergonomists use the system approach without, however, denying quantitative methods and behavioural approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the results of the preliminary study of a research on migration practices and safety in anesthesia. After specifying the theoretical framework within which this research was carried out, namely the overall risk management model, three points were discussed. The first one concerns the presentation of the anesthetic management process in Algeria and the role of the medical auxiliary in anesthesia-resuscitation (AMAR) in the management of the patient. The second point concerns the analysis of AMAR's prescribed task. This analysis showed the transgression that took place at the organizational level and put the AMAR in "illegal-normal" situations. The third point emphasizes the impact of this transgression on the experience of medical auxiliaries. In the conclusion, the main questions of the research are specified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]