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Using a comparative framework, this paper explores the parallel rights revolutions in Canada and the United States, particularly as they relate to the implementation of federal fair employment policies during the 1940s and 1950s. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores how different work attachment strategies of each state influence the employment and economic status of welfare leavers using the National Survey of America?s Family of 1999. The study explores this issue through logistic regression. First, it examines whether strict life-time limits and sanctions for noncompliance with work requirements are more likely than weak life-time limits and sanctions to influence the employment status and economic status of welfare leavers. Second, it examines whether high outcome of unsubsidized employment of each state are more likely than low outcome of unsubsidized employment of states to increase the employment and income status of welfare leavers. Finally, this study tries to find what factors significantly influence the employment and economic status of welfare leavers. This study finds that strict provision of life-time limits is more likely than weak provision to influence welfare leavers to have jobs. On the other hand, strict sanctions for noncompliance with work requirement are less likely than weak sanctions to increase the employment of welfare leavers. However, high outcome of unsubsidized employment of each state does not significantly relate to the employment and economic status of welfare leavers. The study contributes to our understandings of the impact of work attachment strategies on welfare leavers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines theperceptions that citizens in the Americas (Latin America and the United States) have about the role of the state in the economic life of their country. Using individual-level data collected in 2008 by the Americas Barometer, the paper compares the degree to which citizens believe that the state should be the owner of the most important industries in the country; should be responsible for the welfare of the people; that it, more than private enterprises, is responsible for the creation of jobs, and that the state should implement policies to reduce the income gap between the rich and the poor. An index with a high degree of reliability can be formed with these items. Preliminary data shows that there is a stark contrast between the United States and most of Latin America; whereas in the latter more than half of the population is likely to support an active role by the state, in the United States this support is much lower. In view of the turn to the left in many Latin American countries, it is important to analyze the determinants of that support in the region, as well as the independent variables that account for the differences between the United States and its neighbors to the South. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over 1,100 Senate-confirmed presidential appointees run the administrative state. But many of these positions are “vacant” a large amount of the time. New administrations are quick to fill top cabinet slots but take much longer to staff the next few layers. Appointee tenure is short, leading to new openings a year or two later. Then, agency officials flee government service near the end of an administration. Using new data from OPM on the start and end dates of all Senate-confirmed presidential appointees from 1977 to 2005, this paper tries to explain variation in the length of vacancies in top “at-will” agency positions (other work has analyzed vacancies in “fixed-term” positions in regulatory commissions). The length of an agency vacancy encompasses three periods: the time between the last departure and the President’s nomination of a new official, the time between nomination and confirmation, and the time between confirmation and the start of government service. Duration models that take permit dependency between the first two periods are employed to test organizational (level of position; presidential staffing models), institutional (divided government), and political (policy preferences) theories of executive branch staffing. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper uses the public attitude-policy adoption linkage developed by McIver, Erikson and Wright to explore the passage of transgender inclusive employment and hate crimes legislation in the American states. ..PAT.-Conference Proceeding [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The employment of blacks in municipal jobs is a good indicator of the degree of racial equality at the local level. This comprehensive, longitudinal study explores black employment (total and in supervisory positions) in police, fire, recreation and public works departments in six representative southern cities in Florida over the time period 1960-2000. Independent variables include indicators of black political power and resources, size of city, type of local government and election system, political culture (Deep South, Border South), presence and effectiveness of affirmative action, and indicators of inter-minority competition from Hispanics and white females. Utilizing OLS regression analysis, results show that black political power is the most consistently significant explanatory variable, but that city managers, political culture, black department heads, affirmative action and inter-minority competition are important as well depending on the department and level of black employment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]