Search

In the wake of the reformations, the rules and norms of the Christian Republic which had governed both polities and rulers, could no longer function. The sanction provided by canon law could no longer fulfil the function it had fulfilled, as the law was no longer applicable to all European sovereigns. In light of this, new arrangements for entering into agreements and securing these had to be made, and the obstacles which a confessionalized Europe posed to the traditional workings of agreements between polities had to be overcome. Through an examination of the relationship between Catholic France and Protestant England from the Reformation of the 1530s until the Peace of Westphalia in 1648, the paper will argue that the practice of states was as crucial to overcoming these obstacles as new developments in international law. If the adherence to promises could no longer be sanctioned by international law, how could one secure the adherence of states to their promises? Rather than seeing the emergence of international law as drive forward by legal scholars and political thinkers in early modern Europe, the paper suggests that the practice of states might very well have contributed to establishing the institution of international law. The empirical basis of the paper will be the legal treaties and agreements entered into by France and England in the period. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the emergence of the principle of spatial differentiation in early-modern Europe. Focusing on how distinct national memories were shaped through the creation of national myths and monuments in the intellectual history of Portugal, England, and France, the paper suggests that a connection between collective identity and memory is integral to the process of spatial differentiation. ..PAT.-Conference Proceeding [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

he paper will explore the identity/interests nexus in light of the politics of confessionalism and religious wars which characterized Europe in the period after the Reformation. The main focus of the paper will be on France and England in the period between the 1530s and the end of the century. This period is particularly interesting in identifying the link between identity and interests in the foreign policy of (emerging) states, as it is a period in which most states in Europe are engaged in strong identity building exercises. As cases in point, for France, it is a question of whether the French state can become a Catholic nation-state. For England, it is a question of how to define oneself vis-à-vis Catholic Europe. However, between the pursuit of her traditional anti-Habsburg policies and the desire on the part of the ruler to define France as a Catholic nation, France develops a realpolitical foreign policy vis-à-vis protestant England. England on the other hand, building-up a Protestant /Anglican polity after the divorce of Henry VIII, sees her interests as lying somewhere between an identifying with the northern European Protestant and Reformed states, and the need contribute to the balance between France and the Habsburgs. The paper will thus argue that the relationship between France and England during the emergence of the modern state is thus crucial in terms of understanding not only what lead to the emergence of the ?principle? or practice of balance of power on the European stage, but also in terms of understanding how the foreign policy of states emerges in a space between deep-rooted ?national? identities and more pragmatic ?reasons of state.? ..PAT.-Conference Proceeding [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The French national curriculum for history (primary and secondary school) covers subjects of plausible interest to (grand) children of immigrants (eg colonization and decolonization, history of Islam) more extensively than does the English school history ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]