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With the advent of the Internet-of-Things (IoT), it is considered to be one of the latest innovations that offer interesting opportunities for different vertical industries. One of the most relevant IoT technology areas is smart construction. IoT operates in several sectors on a daily basis; implementation includes smart building, smart grids, smart cities, smart houses, physical defense, e-health, asset, and transportation management, but it is not restricted to this. Support from smart IoT buildings is an IoT-level, connected, and cost-effective system. Commercial space has major requirements in terms of comfort, accessibility, security, and energy management. Such requirements can be served organically by IoT-based systems. As the supply of energy has been exhausted and energy demand has risen, there has been a growing focus on energy usage and the maintenance of buildings. With the use of evolving IoT technology, we present a secure and energy-efficient smart building architecture. Every device is known by its unique address, and one of the key web transfer protocols is the Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP). It is an application layer protocol that does not use protected channels for data transfer. Automatic key management, confidentiality, authentication, and data integrity are all features of the Datagram Transport Layer Protection (DTLS). To achieve energy efficiency, we propose a smart construction architecture that, through IoT, manages the performance of all technological systems. The results of the simulation show that the energy consumption is lowered by about 30.86% with the use of the CoAP in the smart building, which is less than the Message Queuing Telemetry Transport case (MQTT). This paper also aims to observe how to integrate the DTLS protocol with the Secure Hash Algorithm (SHA-256) using optimizations from the Certificate Authority (CA) to improve security.

The advancement of wireless sensor networks and the possibility of using Internet protocols in devices with limited resources (such as sensors) have changed the future of the Internet. How to interact and exchange information is one of the challenges in the Internet of Things (IoT). The 6LoWPAN (IP6 Low Power Wireless Personal Area Network) and CoAP (Constrained Application Protocol) standards have been developed for using web protocols in sensor-based LLN (Low-power and Lossy Network). The 6LoWPAN/CoAP protocol stack enables access to the sensor network via web protocols. This facilitates the development of applications on the sensor network and their access to the Internet. Each of the layers of the 6LoWPAN/CoAP protocol stack imposes an overhead on the transmitted messages, and the resulting data overhead intensifies the energy consumption in multi-hop networks. In this paper, a technique is provided to reduce the burden imposed on small and medium-size packets on 6LoWPAN/CoAP multi-hop networks by scheduling and aggregating CoAP packets on sensor nodes. It classifies the CoAP requests/responses over the network (by specifying the maximum allowed delay) and manages the timing and aggregation of received messages on the sensor nodes (based on the maximum allowed delay on each one). The results of the evaluation of the provided technique indicated reducing the power consumption and network traffic for applications such as monitoring in multi-hop networks based on the 6LoWPAN/CoAP protocol stack.

Access management poses a significant challenge within the Internet of Things (IoT) given the constrained capabilities in terms of computing, memory, storage, bandwidth and energy available for most of the low-cost devices and things embedded in the physical world. In this scenario, Edge Computing can be considered a powerful opportunity to solve authorization issues, deploying edge devices near IoT constrained things capable of performing as logical intermediaries or brokers between them and cloud resources, services or applications. This work proposes an edge-centric delegation of authorization for constrained devices (without cryptographic capabilities) based on well-known and extensively used specifications and protocols such as OAuth 2.0 and CoAP (Constrained Application Protocol). The proposed solution is based on three different roles allowing constrained devices automated enrolment, authorized access to resources deployed in the cloud and roaming. Furthermore, the proposed solution is validated and assessed using a real smart farming case study.