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Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common health disorders among children. Some patients do not respond to methylphenidate or cannot tolerate its side effects. Sweet almond syrup as a Persian Medicine preparation has been used for many years. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of sweet almond for ADHD children. Fifty children aged 6-14 years with ADHD were recruited to the study. The participants were randomly assigned to two groups to receive either methylphenidate or sweet almond syrup. The outcomes were assessed using the Parent and Teacher ADHD Rating Scale every two weeks for 8 weeks. Results showed that the two treatments had similar effects on symptom reduction in ADHD children. No significant differences were observed between the two groups (F=2.3, df=1, p=0.13, F=0.57, df=1, p=0.47). Sweet almond may be an effective treatment for ADHD children. • A large number of ADHD children use complementary and alternative medicine methods. • Base of Persian Medicine, sweet almond has neurodevelopmental potential and can regulate the brain functions. • The results showed that sweet almond syrup and methylphenidate had similar effects in relieving symptoms of ADHD • Sweet almond is an effective and safe complementary treatment for ADHD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]