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The article highlights the common misconception that poor internet performance is solely due to insufficient bandwidth, emphasizing instead the critical role of latency and software inefficiencies like bufferbloat. It explains how outdated or poorly designed router software can lead to delays in data transmission, disrupting services like videoconferencing. To address this, advanced software solutions such as LibreQoS enable Internet service providers (ISPs) to optimize network performance and reduce latency, improving user experiences without requiring costly hardware upgrades.

The author offers his opinion on the current state of artificial intelligence (AI) and the so-called "AI winter" that happened after the 1980s. He explores the use of neural networks and notes that until recently they would have been grouped with machine learning, deep learning, or big data, rather than AI.

Confidential computing offers significant potential to enhance the security of computing platforms by minimizing the trusted computing base (TCB) and reducing attack surfaces. It relies on innovations in both hardware and software to enable secure operation, particularly those managed by third parties. Attestation and verification mechanisms are essential for establishing trust in confidential computing, and as adoption grows, certifiers and regulators may play a larger role in guiding consumer decisions.

This article details Charles Babbage’s theoretical computer program, the first attempt to specific how to mechanize complex algorithms with a computer, written in 1837. The article also discusses his theoretical computer, the Analytical Engine, that his program would have run on. Topics include Babbage’s first and second code tables and the design of the Analytical Engine.

This article examines how the development of batteryless devices are the future of Internet of Things devices. The article first looks into the research that allows for intermittent computing. Necessary components for these batteryless systems, including new programming languages and wireless networks, are discussed. Then the article explores six required directions to make batteryless devices successful, including energy-minimal computer architecture and foundation experimental infrastructure.

This article discusses the application of indistinguishability obfuscation for circuits in the context of the pseudo-canonicalization. The article first discusses arithmetic circuits and the use of pseudo-canonical form for polynomials when hiding implementation choices, then applies this to computer programs with discussion of public-key cryptography and program obfuscation. Then the indistinguishability obfuscator for circuits is defined, its assumptions are detailed, and its applications are discussed.

This article details a neuromorphic computing projects program in Singapore, a collaboration between the Agency for Science, Technology and Research, A*STAR, and the National University of Singapore (NUS). The ultimate goal of the program is attainment of energy-efficient deep learning practices. Topics include a description of all areas of the neuromorphic computing program with a look at the hardware, middleware, software and system integration implementation.

The article presents information on Google’s development and implementation of a new algorithm called Rocksteadier Subsetting, created in order to reduce connection churn and improve scalability. Properties of the new algorithm include good connection balance, no frontend churn, and good subset spread. The new algorithm balances the number of connections per backend task, yet it does have trade-offs such as increased complexity and higher resource utilization.

The article focuses on why deep learning (DL) will not replace programming. The author examines what he calls "deep programming" (DP) and large transformer language models, explores new machine and network architectures, and discusses integrating search-based program synthesis with DP. He argues that computers will not replace coding by humans.

The article focuses on the impact of quantum computing and quantum communications. Topics include how quantum hardware and software being developed are fundamentally different from classical computers, the importance of a hybrid computing approach, and the need for improvements in the quality of qubits.

This article presents an overview on middleware- what it is, how it can be used, and its future. Topics include types of middleware, how it can be paired with cloud computing and future Internet of Things (IoT) technology, and explores controversies about its appropriate use.

Users are encouraged to adopt a wide array of technologies and behaviors to reduce their security risk. However, the adoption of these "best practices," ranging from the use of antivirus products to keeping software updated, is not well understood, nor is their practical impact on security risk well established. To explore these issues, we conducted a large-scale measurement of 15,000 computers over six months. We use passive monitoring to infer and characterize the prevalence of various security practices as well as a range of other potentially security-relevant behaviors. We then explore the extent to which differences in key security behaviors impact the real-world outcomes (i.e., that a device shows clear evidence of having been compromised). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Data visualization is the primary means by which data analysts explore patterns, trends, and insights in their data. Unfortunately, existing visual analytics tools offer limited expressiveness and scalability when it comes to searching for visualizations over large datasets, making visual data exploration labor-intensive and time-consuming. In this work, we introduce the problem of visualization search and highlight two underlying challenges of search enumeration and visualization matching. To address them, we first present our work on Zenvisage that helps enumerate large collections of visualizations and supports simple visualization matching with the help of an interactive interface and an expressive visualization query language. For more finegrained and flexible visualization matching, including search for underspecified and approximate patterns, we extend Zenvisage to develop ShapeSearch. ShapeSearch supports a novel shape querying algebra that helps express a large class of pattern queries that are hard to specify with existing systems. ShapeSearch exposes multiple specification mechanisms: sketch, natural-language, and visual regular expressions that help users easily issue shape queries, while applying query-aware and perceptually-aware optimizations to efficiently execute them within interactive response times. To conclude, we discuss a number of open research problems to further improve the usability and performance of both Zenvisage and ShapeSearch. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents three principles concerning five challenges to the establishment of trustworthy artificial intelligence (AI), including the development computer languages and algorithms for data modeling, trustworthy-by-construction design, and complex machine learning (ML) representations.

The article discusses SYNERGY, a software-centric approach to field-programmable gate array (FPGA) virtualization in data centers. This approach addresses performance and power challenges by enabling features like task suspension, resumption, migration, and process isolation. Unlike traditional hardware-centric methods, SYNERGY rewrites Verilog hardware description code to work with a Verilog JIT compiler, allowing for higher-level state management and task handling. While it incurs significant overhead and requires further development to match current software virtualization performance, SYNERGY's innovative perspective could lead to improved FPGA architecture and reduced overhead in the future.

The article discusses the relationship between synthetic biology (synbio) artificial intelligence (AI) and the challenges of the application of AI principles to synbio. The article examines the similarities between synbio and AI, the sociological and technological challenges in joining the fields, and the necessity for more AI and synbio researchers.

A discussion about open source computer software development and the notion of an open source community is presented that includes Databricks chief architect Reynold Xin, Hortonworks co-founder Alan Gates, and Ursa Labs founder Wes McKinney.

This article discusses the concept of ethical artificial intelligence, AI, with a focus on how to integrate ethics into AI. Topics include the requirement of ontological likeness between ethics and AI, the question of whether ethics is computational and how social conventions and practices could be a unifying factor.

The author discusses the development of computer hardware and its isolation from computer software and algorithms. She mentions the early history of computers when computers were single use, how the time and cost of hardware development present barriers to software development, and the need for collaborative research.

The article focuses on data-network effects and data platforms. It is suggested that Internet search may be one of the best examples of data-network effects. Topics include data as a multisided platform business, platforms such as Waze and Google Maps, and Bitsight, a company which sells cybersecurity ratings.

This article looks at future research into computer science with an emphasis on preventing further climate change. The author details how future computer technology, both hardware and software, should have limits in place to minimize environmental impact. As well, the existing digital world needs to be evaluated and potentially modified significantly if there is proof it is negatively impacting the environment.

The article focuses on the research behind hiding secrets within computer programs, also known as program obfuscation. The author discusses how program obfuscation could revolutionize cryptography, examines how it could impact reverse engineering with a proposed virtual black box (VBB), and explores the alternate security of so-called indistinguishability obfuscation (iO)

The article profiles computer scientist distinguished professor at the University of Tennessee Jack J. Dongarra, recipient of the 2021 A.M. Turing Award from the organization the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). It discusses Dongarra's work in numerical algorithms and libraries that have advanced high-performance software, particularly the projects EISPACK and LINPACK, and his time at the Argonne National Laboratory.

The article examines the concepts of context and meaning for computer programmers and how programmers can utilize information when coding. The article discuses problem domains and source code changes and words used inside the program and computer security.

The author opines on the copyright implications of computer programs designed to emulate other software. Claims of infringement in the case brought by software company SAS against the World Programming Ltd. company are examined along with rulings and appeals on the case. The history of emulation and copyright challenges thereto are reviewed.

The advances in unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) technology have empowered mobile operators to deploy LTE (long-term evolution) base stations (BSs) on UAVs and provide ondemand, adaptive connectivity to hotspot venues as well as emergency scenarios. However, today's evolved packet core (EPC) that orchestrates LTE's radio access network (RAN) faces fundamental limitations in catering to such a challenging, wireless, and mobile UAV environment, particularly in the presence of multiple BSs (UAVs). In this work, we argue for and propose an alternate, radical edge EPC design, called SkyCore that pushes the EPC functionality to the extreme edge of the core network--collapses the EPC into a single, lightweight, self-contained entity that is colocated with each of the UAV BS. SkyCore incorporates elements that are designed to address the unique challenges facing such a distributed design in the UAV environment, namely the resource constraints of UAV platforms, and the distributed management of pronounced UAV and UE mobility. We build and deploy a fully functional version of SkyCore on a two-UAV LTE network and showcase its (i) ability to interoperate with commercial LTE BSs as well as smartphones, (ii) support for both hotspot and stand-alone multi-UAV deployments, and (iii) superior control and data plane performance compared to other EPC variants in this environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the development of a set of operational ethics principles for artificial intelligence (AI) undertaken by the AI Ethics Lab called "Dynamics of AI Principles." It identifies the core principles in applied ethics as justice, beneficence, and autonomy, and contrasts those to instrumental principles. The article also discusses establishing AI principles for corporations and organizations.

The article focuses on the users of business computer software, focused on the response to challenges posed by complex systems for Internet programs and potential outages. Topics explored include cognitive work, adaptive capacity, coordination across work roles, human performance, extending functionality, coding, and re-achitecting systems.

The article discusses the development and function of the computer software seL4 microkernal in Australia, and describes computer security and computer architecture, the evolution of the kernal, and the establishment of an sel4 Foundation.

The article discusses the relationship between technology hardware components and software in web-based business enterprises, particularly focusing upon individuals who maintain and repair such components.

The article discusses the architectural design of the Sagrada Família Roman Catholic basilica in Barcelona, Spain, and the possibility that original architect Antoni Gaudí conducted a sort of parametric modeling on his own, in addition to information about how computer software is being utilized to complete the basilica.

The article focuses on the security of open source software. The author discusses the discovered vulnerability within the string of code called "Log4J," examines the Social Cyber, Hybrid AI to Protect Integrity of OpenSource Code project being launched by the U.S. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), and explores how social processes dangerously interact with code.

The author discusses the programming language Alloy. He mentions its use in designing software systems, previous software development tools including theorem provers and model checkers, and how Alloy uses relational logic, small scope analysis, and translation to a satisfiability solver to function.

The article discusses a collaborative approach to reclaiming computer memory in heterogenous software systems through automated memory management using garbage collection.

We present a new approach for predicting program properties from large codebases (aka "Big Code"). Our approach learns a probabilistic model from "Big Code" and uses this model to predict properties of new, unseen programs. The key idea of our work is to transform the program into a representation that allows us to formulate the problem of inferring program properties as structured prediction in machine learning. This enables us to leverage powerful probabilistic models such as Conditional Random Fields (CRFs) and perform joint prediction of program properties. As an example of our approach, we built a scalable prediction engine called JSNice for solving two kinds of tasks in the context of JavaScript: predicting (syntactic) names of identifiers and predicting (semantic) type annotations of variables. Experimentally, JSNice predicts correct names for 63% of name identifiers and its type annotation predictions are correct in 81% of cases. Since its public release at http://jsnice.org, JSNice has become a popular system with hundreds of thousands of uses. By formulating the problem of inferring program properties as structured prediction, our work opens up the possibility for a range of new "Big Code" applications such as de-obfuscators, decompilers, invariant generators, and others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the implementation of the low-level computer programming language for software known as WebAssembly. The authors comment on the use of WebAssembly in advanced web applications, including three-dimensional visualization, audio and video software, and gaming. The benefits of WebAssembly include its ability to function independent of the computer hardware and operating system on which it runs.

A retrospective on the fifty-year history of the Pascal programming language is offered. The author discusses his role in a working group developing the Algol 60 programming language as well as the subsequent Algol W language with a focus on the modifications to Algol which resulted in his development of Pascal. The distribution of Pascal to schools and universities is described along with its successor languages and the alleged dissolution of the hardware-software dichotomy.

The article considers the importance of incorporating the theory of computation into undergraduate university-level computer science programs. The author discusses how using computer problems such as the halting problem and the question of P versus NP help build an understanding of the limits and possibilities of computers. He relates that using two approaches, search problems and using real computer programs, both help foster a better understanding of the field.

The article discusses the significance of programmable wireless environments that utilize customizable software processes instead of rigid channel models. Topics include the notion of HyperSurface in programmable environments, the significance of a power delay profile (PDP) for devices, and the use of large-area electronics methods (LAE) for the production of metasurfaces.

The article discusses how latent semantic analysis (LSA) can be used to analyze electronic health records to show medical terms and keywords related to the same medical condition appearing across documents. The authors also cover how the method could be applied to the management of medical treatment by identifying unique cases for special attention.

The article looks at how the use of third-party components such as JavaScript libraries can lead to security issues for websites. It examines the vulnerabilities of the JavaScript language before providing information on how to detect a library that could be subject to hacking by collecting metadata.

The author discusses the transition of companies that offer computer products to offering software products. He mentions the organizational changes needed to accommodate the product changes, the question of the value of the software, and the enhancements that software products can bring.

The author discusses the process and issues involved in a computer software-based April Fools' prank. He mentions what makes a prank funny or not, how to treat the software like any other feature including the ability to roll it back quickly, and the need to remember that the prank should have little impact on operations.

What is a fair way to assign rooms to several housemates, and divide the rent between them? This is not just a theoretical question: many people have used the Spliddit website to obtain envy-free solutions to rent division instances. But envy freeness, in and of itself, is insufficient to guarantee outcomes that people view as intuitive and acceptable. We therefore focus on solutions that optimize a criterion of social justice, subject to the envy freeness constraint, in order to pinpoint the "fairest" solutions. We develop a general algorithmic framework that enables the computation of such solutions in polynomial time. We then study the relations between natural optimization objectives, and identify the maximin solution, which maximizes the minimum utility subject to envy freeness, as the most attractive. We demonstrate, using experiments on real data from Spliddit, that the maximin solution gives rise to significant gains in terms of our optimization objectives. Finally, a user study with Spliddit users as subjects demonstrates that people find the maximin solution to be significantly fairer than arbitrary envy-free solutions; this user study is unprecedented in that it asks people about their real-world rent division instances. Based on these results, the maximin solution has been deployed on Spliddit since April 2015. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the author's views about the need for interactive network software applications as of 2018, and it mentions the interconnectivity of mobile devices, multisystem-spaced solutions for applications, and the development of a create, read, update, delete (CRUD)-based application. Electronic medical records (EMR) devices and near-field communication (NFC) are examined, along with the differences between stand-alone and network-based applications.

The article focuses on the development of the computer frameworks VeriAbs and VeriFuzz, which will help improve software quality. The authors discuss previous methods, such as bounded model checking (BMC), explain how VeriAbs will prove code correctness, and explain how VeriFuzz will automatically test for errors.

The article presents a discussion about when a third party vendor's component is considered to be a drop-in replacement item for the original component, and it mentions supply chain problems, a computer application programming interface (API), and computer software malleability The need to ask for information from vendors in order to reduce risk is assessed, as well as replacement-related test plans, test output data, and computer hardware.

The article examines "Satisfiability" solving (SAT), an automated reasoning technology that can be applied to mathematics to develop new proofs. It discusses how the disruptive technology was used with the proof of the Boolean Pythagorean Triples problem, and open problem in Ramsey Theory. Particular attention is given to the combination of SAT with high-performance computing clusters.

The article examines the relationship between data science problems and the need for systematic thinking, methodologies, and approaches in order to develop machine intelligence. It discusses how data science helps scientists understand and synthesize complexities and intelligence in problem solving. Particular attention is given to data-driven machines to represent and advance human-like intuition and creative thinking through human-data interaction.