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The hierarchical Bayes predictor of small area proportions (HBP) under an area level version of generalized linear mixed model with logit link function is widely used in small area estimation for binary variable. However, this predictor does not account for the presence of spatial nonstationarity in the data, i.e., where the parameters associated with the model covariates vary spatially. This paper develops a spatially nonstationary extension to the hierarchical Bayes predictor of small area proportions that accounts for the presence of spatial nonstationarity in the data. The proposed predictor is referred as the spatial nonstationary hierarchical Bayes predictor (HBNSP). The impact of survey design information is also explored in the proposed predictor. The empirical results from simulation studies using spatially nonstationary data indicate that the HBNSP method performs better, in terms of relative bias and relative mean squared error, than the alternative HBP method that ignore this spatial nonstationarity. The results further show that use of survey-weight to incorporate the sampling design appears to be imperative when sample data is informative. The HBNSP approach is illustrated by applying it to estimation of incidence of indebtedness in farm households across the districts in the state of Bihar in India using debt investment survey data. A map depicting the spatial distribution of incidence of indebtedness in Bihar has also been produced which provides a useful information for the government departments and ministries involved in farm credit distribution related policy planning and monitoring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Experiments in various countries with "last week" and "last month" reference periods for reporting of households' food consumption have generally found that "week"-based estimates are higher. In India the National Sample Survey (NSS) has consistently found that "week"-based estimates are higher than month-based estimates for a majority of food item groups. But why are week-based estimates higher than month-based estimates? It has long been believed that the reason must be recall lapse, inherent in a long reporting period such as a month. But is household consumption of a habitually consumed item "recalled" in the same way as that of an item of infrequent consumption? And why doesn't memory lapse cause over-reporting (over-assessment) as often as under-reporting? In this paper, we provide an alternative hypothesis, involving a "quantity floor effect" in reporting behavior, under which "week" may cause over-reporting for many items. We design a test to detect the effect postulated by this hypothesis and carry it out on NSS 68th round HCES data. The test results strongly suggest that our hypothesis provides a better explanation of the difference between week-based and month-based estimates than the recall lapse theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]