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In this paper, we first introduce the concept of “factor-square-full” modules defined as follows: For any proper submodule X of M, there exist a proper submodule Y of M with X⊆Y and an epimorphism ...

A module M is said to be square free if whenever its submodule is isomorphic to N2 = N⊕N for some module N, then N = 0. Dually, a module M is said to be d-square free (dual square free) if whenever its factor module is isomorphic to N2 for some module N, then N = 0. In this paper, we give some fundamental properties of d-square free modules and study rings whose d-square free modules are closed under submodules or essential extensions.

In 1971, Koehler [11] proved a structure theorem for quasi-projective modules over right perfect rings by using results of Wu–Jans [22]. Later Mohamed–Singh [17] studied discrete modules over right perfect rings and gave decomposition theorems for these modules. Moreover, Oshiro [18] deeply studied (quasi-)discrete modules over general rings. In this paper, we consider that decomposition theorems for H-supplemented modules with the condition (D2) or (D3) over right perfect rings.

In this paper, we consider a direct projective H-supplemented module which is a generalization of a discrete module (cf. [11, 16]). We prove that any direct projective H-supplemented module satisfies the exchange property and also shows that if M1 and M2 are direct projective H-supplemented modules, then M = M1 ⊕ M2 is direct projective H-supplemented if and only if Mi is radical Mj-projective (i ≠ j).

In this article, we introduce a generalization of quasi-discrete (a GQD-module) by using the notion of H-supplemented modules and investigate some properties of GQD-modules. First we consider some properties of a relative radical projectivity which is useful in analyzing the structure of H-supplemented modules. We apply them to the study of direct sums of GQD-modules. Moreover, we prove that any H-supplemented (lifting) module with finite internal exchange properly (FIEP) has an indecomposable decomposition and show that, for an H-supplemented (lifting) module, the finite exchange property implies the full exchange property.

A module M is called extending if, for any submodule X of M, there exists a direct summand of M which contains X as an essential submodule, that is, for any submodule X of M, there exists a closure of X in M which is a direct summand of M. Dually, a module M is said to be lifting if, for any submodule X of M, there exists a direct summand of M which is a co-essential submodule of X, that is, for any submodule X of M, there exists a co-closure of X in M which is a direct summand of M. Okado (1984) has studied the decomposition of extending modules over right noetherian rings. He obtained the following: A ring R is right noetherian if and only if every extending R-module can be expressed as a direct sum of indecomposable (uniform) modules. In this article, we show that every (finitely generated) lifting module over a right perfect (semiperfect) ring can be expressed as a direct sum of indecomposable modules. And we consider some application of this result.

Harada (cf. 1983) introduced the lifting property for maximal submodules and the extending property for simple submodules, and Oshiro (cf. 1983b) definitely introduced lifting modules and extending modules. Since then, the method and results in their works urged not only the study on (quasi-)discrete and (quasi-)continuous modules but also the one on themselves. The reader is referred to Mohamed and Muller (1990) and Dung et al. (1994) for the research on lifting modules and extending modules. In this article, we study the following fundamental open problems: When is a direct sum ⨁IMi of lifting (extending) modules {Mi}I lifting (extending)? These problems are unsolved even in the case that the index set I is finite. Now, the purpose of this article is to study the problem concerned with finite direct sums of lifting modules.