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A submodule N of a module M is δ-small in M if N+X≠M for any proper submodule X of M with M∕X singular. A projective δ-cover of a module M is a projective module P with an epimorphism to M whose kernel is δ-small in P. A module M is called δ-semiperfect if every factor module of M has a projective δ-cover. In this paper, we prove various properties, including a structure theorem and several characterizations, for δ-semiperfect modules. Our proofs can be adapted to generalize several results of Mares [8] and Nicholson [11] from projective semiperfect modules to arbitrary semiperfect modules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let M be a hypermodule over a hyperring R such that the intersection of any two subhypermodules of M, is a subhypermodule of M. We introduce the concept of an essential subhypermodule in M relative to an arbitrary subhypermodule T of M, which is called a T-essential subhypermodule of M. Our main goal in this work is to investigate properties of (relative) essential subhypermodules. We apply this concept to introduce extending hypermodules. Examples are provided to illustrate different concepts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigate properties and describe examples of tilt-stable objects on a smooth complex projective threefold. We give a structure theorem on slope semistable sheaves of vanishing discriminant, and describe certain Chern classes for which every slope semistable sheaf yields a Bridgeland semistable object of maximal phase. Then, we study tilt stability as the polarization ω gets large, and give sufficient conditions for tilt-stability of sheaves of the following two forms: 1) twists of ideal sheaves or 2) torsion-free sheaves whose first Chern class is twice a minimum possible value. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Kempf proved that the theta divisor of a smooth projective curveChas rational singularities. In this paper we estimate the dimensions of the jet schemes of the theta divisor and show that all these schemes are irreducible. In particular, we recover Kempf's theorem in this way. For general projective smooth curves, our method also gives a formula for the log canonical threshold of the pair. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

We compute the dimensions and cohomology classes of the loci on a general hypersurface where the second fundamental form has rank at mostr. We also determine the number of hypersurfaces in a general pencil in ℙn, with, that contain a point where the second fundamental form has rankn − 1 − q. These results generalize many classical formulae. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Friedlander and Mazur proposed a conjecture of hard Lefschetz type for Lawson homology. We shall relate this conjecture to Suslin's conjecture for Lawson homology and hence to Grothendieck's standard conjectures. Applying theSL2-action on abelian varieties observed by Beauville, we show that for abelian varieties, this conjecture is equivalent to a weak form of a vanishing conjecture of Beauville type for Lawson homology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this note we improve a result of Steffens [7] on the lower bound for Seshadri constants in very general points of a surface with 1-dimensional Néron–Severi space. We also show a multi-point counterpart of such a lower bound. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

In this article, Gorenstein FP-injective modules are introduced and investigated. A left R-module M is called Gorenstein FP-injective if there is an exact sequence … → E 1 → E 0 → E 0 → E 1 → … of FP-injective left R-modules with M = ker(E 0 → E 1) such that Hom R (P, −) leaves the sequence exact whenever P is a finitely presented left R-module with pd R (P) < ∞. Some properties of Gorenstein FP-injective modules are obtained. Several well-known classes of rings are characterized in terms of Gorenstein FP-injective modules. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

In this article, we commence to study the real (simple) left-symmetric algebras. From the known classification of certain complex (semi)simple left-symmetric algebras, we classify their corresponding real forms. We not only obtain the classification of real simple left-symmetric algebras in low dimensions, but also find certain examples of real simple left-symmetric algebras in higher dimensions. In particular, there exists a complex simple left-symmetric algebra without any real form. We also give a geometric construction for a class of real simple left-symmetric algebras. At last, we apply the classification results to study some structures related to geometry. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

We construct a class of projective rational varieties X of any dimension m ≥ 1, which are smooth except at a point O, with the projective space ℙ m as normalization, having smooth branches, and reduced projectivized tangent cone in O. The Hilbert function of X is considered and is explicitly computed when the point O is seminormal. Indeed, we study seminormality, obtaining necessary and sufficient conditions for O to be seminormal and show that in such case the tangent cone is reduced and seminormal. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

We show that if |Aut(G)| is odd, then without loss of generality we may assume the only primes dividing |G| are those dividing |Aut(G)|. We also classify finite abelian groups A such that |Aut(A)| = |A| and finite abelian groups A such that |Aut(A)| p = |A| p , where p is a prime dividing |A|. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

We investigate the least studied class of differential rings—the class of differential rings of nonzero characteristic. We present the notion of differentially closed quasifield and develop geometrical theory of differential equations in nonzero characteristic. The notions of quasivariety and its morphisms are scrutinized. Presented machinery is a basis for reduction modulo p for differential equations. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Let G be a finite group and ℱ a formation. A subgroup H is called ℱ-quasinormal in G if there exists a quasinormal subgroup T of G such that HT is quasinormal in G and (H ∩ T)H G /H G is contained in the ℱ-hypercenter of G/H G . In this article, we study the structure of finite groups by using ℱ-quasinormal subgroups and prove that: Let ℱ be a saturated formation containing 𝒰 and G be a group with a normal subgroup H such that G/H ∈ ℱ. If every maximal subgroup of every noncyclic Sylow subgroup of F*(H) having no supersolvable supplement in G is 𝒰-quasinormal in G, then G ∈ ℱ. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Using the categorical equivalence of the class of generalized MV-algebras with the class of unital ℓ-groups, we describe all varieties of symmetric top abelian unital ℓ-groups that cover the variety Auℓ of abelian unital ℓ-groups. Equivalently, we describe all cover varieties of the variety of MV-algebras, MV, within the variety of generalized MV-algebras admitting only one negation and each of whose maximal ideals is normal. In particular, there are continuum many representable varieties of generalized MV-algebras that cover MV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given two affine algebraic varieties X and Y such that X ×  ≅ Y × , it may happen that X and Y are not isomorphic. This is shown, for example, by so-called “Danielewski surfaces.” In this note, we give a simple construction of such varieties X, Y of an arbitrary dimension n > 1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We show that there exists an essentially finitely indecomposable abelian p-group which is not a thick group, thus resolving once again in the negative an Irwin's conjecture which was already settled by Dugas and Irwin (1992) and Danchev (2008). Some other related questions are studied as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We prove that a finite-dimensional algebra over an algebraically closed field is of derived dimension 0 if and only if it is an iterated tilted algebra of Dynkin type. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We show that instanton bundles of rank r ≤ 2n - 1, defined as the cohomology of certain linear monads, on an n-dimensional projective variety with cyclic Picard group are semistable in the sense of Mumford-Takemoto. Furthermore, we show that rank r ≤ n linear bundles with nonzero first Chern class over such varieties are stable. We also show that these bounds are sharp. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For a prime p, we denote by Bn the cyclic group of order pn. Let φ be a faithful irreducible character of Bn, where p is an odd prime. We study the p-group G containing Bn such that the induced character φG is also irreducible. The purpose of this article is to determine the subgroup NG(NG(Bn)) of G under the hypothesis [NG(Bn):Bn]4 ≦ pn. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We give a presentation for the Chow ring of the moduli space of degree 2 stable maps from 2-pointed rational curves to the projective line. Also, integrals of all degree 4 monomials in the hyperplane pullbacks and boundary divisors of this ring are computed using equivariant intersection theory. Finally, the presentation is used to give a new computation of the (previously known) values of the genus zero, degree 2, 2-pointed gravitational correlators of the projective line. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As an outgrowth of the study of algebraic geometry over groups, discriminating groups were introduced. Many important universal type groups such as Higman's universal group and Thompson's group F were shown to be discriminating. Squarelike groups were then introduced to better capture axiomatic properties of discrimination. In the present article squarelike groups are reinterpreted in terms of discrimination of quasi varieties, and the relationship with an older version of discrimination, termed varietal discrimination here, is studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We consider a Birman, Ko, and Lee (BKL) presentation (defined by Vershinin, 2003) for the semigroup of singular braids SB n . We prove the embedding property for the monoid of positive singular braids and give a solution to the word and conjugacy problems in BKL generators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let X = Spec ( R ) be a reduced equidimensional algebraic variety over an algebraically closed field k . Let Y = Spec ( R /??) be a codimension one ordinary multiple subvariety, where ?? is a prime ideal of height 1 of R . If U is a nonempty open subset of Y and ?? a closed point of U , we denote by A ? R ?? its local ring in X , by ?? the extension of ?? in A , and by K the algebraic closure of the residue field k (??). Then there exists a bijection ? ?? : Proj ( G ?? ( A ) ? A /?? k ) ? Proj ( G ( A ?? ) ? k (?? ) K ) such that for every subset S of Proj ( G ?? ( A ) ? A /?? k ), the Hilbert function of S coincides with the Hilbert function of ? ?? (S). We examine some applications. We study the structure of the tangent cone at a closed point of a codimension one ordinary multiple subvariety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]