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Let R be a commutative Noetherian ring. In this article, we provide some new criteria for a semidualizing module to be dualizing in terms of special homological properties of module categories. The purpose of this article is twofold: first, it aims at improving Christensen's and Takahashi et al.'s characterizations of dualizing modules; secondly, while applying these criteria to the ring itself, we not only recover some results of Jenda and Xu, respectively, but also obtain a new characterization of Gorenstein rings. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

We investigate the least studied class of differential rings—the class of differential rings of nonzero characteristic. We present the notion of differentially closed quasifield and develop geometrical theory of differential equations in nonzero characteristic. The notions of quasivariety and its morphisms are scrutinized. Presented machinery is a basis for reduction modulo p for differential equations. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]