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Let M be a hypermodule over a hyperring R such that the intersection of any two subhypermodules of M, is a subhypermodule of M. We introduce the concept of an essential subhypermodule in M relative to an arbitrary subhypermodule T of M, which is called a T-essential subhypermodule of M. Our main goal in this work is to investigate properties of (relative) essential subhypermodules. We apply this concept to introduce extending hypermodules. Examples are provided to illustrate different concepts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We show that if |Aut(G)| is odd, then without loss of generality we may assume the only primes dividing |G| are those dividing |Aut(G)|. We also classify finite abelian groups A such that |Aut(A)| = |A| and finite abelian groups A such that |Aut(A)| p = |A| p , where p is a prime dividing |A|. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Let G be a finite group and ℱ a formation. A subgroup H is called ℱ-quasinormal in G if there exists a quasinormal subgroup T of G such that HT is quasinormal in G and (H ∩ T)H G /H G is contained in the ℱ-hypercenter of G/H G . In this article, we study the structure of finite groups by using ℱ-quasinormal subgroups and prove that: Let ℱ be a saturated formation containing 𝒰 and G be a group with a normal subgroup H such that G/H ∈ ℱ. If every maximal subgroup of every noncyclic Sylow subgroup of F*(H) having no supersolvable supplement in G is 𝒰-quasinormal in G, then G ∈ ℱ. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Given two affine algebraic varieties X and Y such that X ×  ≅ Y × , it may happen that X and Y are not isomorphic. This is shown, for example, by so-called “Danielewski surfaces.” In this note, we give a simple construction of such varieties X, Y of an arbitrary dimension n > 1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We show that there exists an essentially finitely indecomposable abelian p-group which is not a thick group, thus resolving once again in the negative an Irwin's conjecture which was already settled by Dugas and Irwin (1992) and Danchev (2008). Some other related questions are studied as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]