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This paper describes the research published during the period 2011-2020 by five leading Spanish peer-reviewed journals of communication, aiming to identify the most common theoretical frameworks and standard theories. A statistically representative sample of the articles published during that period was systematically selected from the five journals of communication ranked as having the greatest continuity and impact according to SJR-Scopus: Profesional de la Información, Comunicar, Communication & Society, Estudios sobre el Mensaje Periodístico and Revista Latina de Comunicación Social. A coding protocol that includes 13 variables and 74 categories was defined and applied to compare the type of theoretical frameworks and the theories in the different subject areas observed. The results show that although almost all the papers studied have a theoretical framework, fewer than half are grounded on recognizable theories. Specifically, journalism and digital communication are the two subject areas whose articles frequently include standard theories: in journalism by the support of classical theories of communication (framing, agenda setting, journalistic professional cultures and roles), and in digital communication by the support of more theoretically dispersed frameworks. Theoretical frameworks developed by literature review are common in other subject areas (such as audiovisual studies, public relations and documentation). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Communication & Society is the property of Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Navarra, S.A. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper analyzes changes in the training of college students within the implementation of the European Higher Education Area (EHEA) with particular emphasis on teaching of future communication professionals. I focus on two cyberjournals, launched at Universidad Complutense de Madrid. During five academic courses a total of 2.349 students have participated in this project, with retention rates above 96 percent. In the period studied, the cyberjournals have generated 1.526 multimedia indepth reports giving rise to more than 16.756 comments from media readers. Additionally, there have been 2.828 videos, now all online on the cyberjournals YouTube channel, which have received more than 400,000 views. This analysis concludes that there has been a real increase in teaching hours above the notion of ECTS credit, and that this situation is accepted by students without problem. On the other hand, based on the descriptive method used, it is shown that students accept and participate in the formation of journalistic projects in the digital environment that comply with the general regulations of the EHEA, and in the particular guidelines that each University can develop. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to diverse reports and studies, islamophobia has become a social threat in the European context. Also, several investigations indicate that Muslim women are the main victims of this type of hostility (gender islamophobia), and stress that the media shows a stereotyped image of Muslim women. This paper aims to the study, from the theory of framing, the media image of Muslim women in the Spanish press. The study focuses on the news related to the controversy arising in 2016 by the prohibition of the burkini in some regions in Europe, and the subsequent reopening of the debate on the prohibition of the integral veil in Germany. For this purpose, a quantitative content analysis has been applied to 152 news items published regarding this issue by the five newspapers with the largest circulation in Spain (El País, El Mundo, La Vanguardia, El Periódico and ABC). The analysis consists on an exploratory study to identify the news frames following the scale of Semetko and Valkenburg (2000). In addition, an original methodological design has been applied to study the specific frames regarding Muslim women. The results indicate that, in most cases, the media representation of Muslim women focuses on the "victim" and "threat" frames, even though the "victim" frame appears to a greater extent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research aims to assess the possibilities and challenges of artificial intelligence (AI) for the development of the teaching and learning of journalistic writing techniques in the university educational context. The main objective consists of analysing the abilities of AI to solve the composition of different journalistic texts, both informative and opinion, and the quality of the result, as well as other applications of AI in journalistic writing. The text tries to contribute to the knowledge on the use of AI by teachers and students in the teaching and learning process. A mixed methodology has been used to develop the research: on the one hand, descriptive and comparative, based on surveys to university professors in Spain specialised in this subject and to students taking related contents in their studies, also in this context; on the other hand, an experimental research is included among professors trained in the field of Journalistic Writing, who are asked for the qualified correction of an exam, anonymous, actually carried out with the AI system, ChatGPT. After weighing the results, each of them is interviewed in depth about the quality of the texts, their strengths, and weaknesses. The results show that AI is beginning to be used in the university context by students and professors. In the specific field of journalistic writing, its use for the moment is limited to assisting tasks in the writing process or suggesting topics, while the automatic generation of content is not widely accepted due to the ethical implications that it entails, especially those related to the originality of content. Teachers value the potential of this technology for writing simple and informative pieces but observe limitations at deeper levels of knowledge and in hybrid texts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses the pre-professional journalistic culture of Ecuador, Cuba and Venezuela based on the degree of permissiveness held by Journalism students in regard to controversial ethical practices and their views of the media and the journalistic profession. We surveyed a probabilistic sample of 1,273 students from 21 universities enrolled on their first course (Ecuador=500, Venezuela=390, Cuba=383) in 2016. The results show that future journalists are reluctant to accept questionable journalistic practices, and hold a pessimistic view as to the quality and confidence of the media and the profession. We found that the degree of permissiveness is related to the perceived risk-reward analysis in terms of the quality of journalism in Cuba and Ecuador, and that the student perceptions of ethics differ in Venezuela and Ecuador. We conclude that, despite their political similarities in terms of having left-wing Governments, perceptions in the three countries diverge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Journalists' professional roles entail an important research area, which enhances knowledge on journalism's attempted impact on political and democratic life. Journalism scholars, however, tend not to study journalistic professional roles from its impact on news content but focus on journalists' conception of their role concluding that the way journalists conceive of their role will eventually shape the stories they produce. Hence, the link between role conception and role performance (i.e., its impact on news) has caught more attention as a justification of research interest than as loci of empirical examination. This conceptual paper revisits this assumption, arguing for an indepth discussion of what the concept of professional role entails to understand its manifestation in news. As journalistic performance must be considered a collective outcome, this article addresses the concept of professional role from its relationship to structural characteristics of media work. Our approach suggests a media sociology conceptualization of professional roles that takes into consideration the gatekeeping context, and most importantly the organizational and societal levels, when analyzing professional roles of journalists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Criticism in journalism has become a core accountability instrument, especially in recent years, thanks to the Internet and Web 2.0 technology. This paper presents part of an international study of journalism ethics, focusing on Spanish journalists' relationship with criticism. The paper analyzes how they express, receive and value criticism, comparing their opinions to those of journalists in the international sample. An online survey was administered to 123 Spanish journalists, from an international sample composed of 1762 professionals. Most Spanish journalists responded that they express criticism "occasionally" or "frequently", as did their international colleagues. They especially do so through direct communication with colleagues (42.1%), even if with a lower frequency compared to the overall sample, or through online blog comments (38.8%), with a higher frequency compared to the rest of the participants. On the other hand, Spanish journalists claim to have received criticism from their supervisors (90%) and colleagues (86.6%), like the overall sample does. But they report having received a greater number of complaints than the overall sample from regulatory and self-regulatory bodies (e.g.: ombudsman 21.8%), from users/citizens (63.9%), and from the public though social media (52.9%). Finally, Spanish journalists consider the criticism they receive as less fair than does the overall sample, although they rate criticism from audience members as less unfair. The paper suggests that Spanish journalists do not employ peer criticism to the same degree as their international colleagues, but they do strongly associate the idea of transparency and accountability with their audience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to assess the persistence of traditional journalistic quality features within the contemporary digital ecosystem. Digital advancements have fundamentally altered media creation, notably with the emergence of artificial intelligence (AI) in newsrooms. AI holds potential for substantial shifts in journalism, impacting business models, dissemination methods, and professional practices. Present in 75% of newsrooms, AI streamlines tasks, allowing more creative time for journalists. Ethical and quality concerns persist, particularly regarding AI’s ability to meet journalism’s established quality standards. This article aims to investigate the incorporation of these quality criteria in news articles generated by artificial intelligence (AI). Focus group and in-depth interviews were used as methodological techniques, involving ten experts. It is concluded that journalistic ethics have remained intact despite the disruptive technological advances in recent decades. However, there is a need to integrate these ethics with new criteria associated with the tools being used. Therefore, it is necessary to consider criteria from a dual perspective: both social and technological. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Immersive journalism is a recent field of research focusing on digital technologies such as augmented reality (AR), 360° video, and virtual reality (VR). This research analyzed 69 academic articles published in the Web of Science from January 1, 2010, to December 31, 2021, using a systematic review of scientific literature (SLR). The prevalence of media effects and quantitative methodologies in investigating immersive journalism was demonstrated. The corpus analysis shows the recurrence of some key macro-concepts. We propose grouping these macro-concepts into affordances (presence, embodiment, and interactivity) and gratifications (comprehension, credibility, emotional engagement, and empathy), which affect in different extents the cognition, affectivity, and behavior of the users. This review highlights the need to expand and combine different theories and methodologies. Another important recommendation is to create specific frameworks for analyzing immersive news stories and examining their various narrative and aesthetic characteristics during both production and post-production. This article discusses the ethical and normative concerns of journalism in relation to current and future research in VR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses bullfighting programming featured on Spanish public television (TVE) between 1956 and 1975. As such, it covers live broadcasts of corridas, specialist news programmes and related documentary films broadcast during the final twenty years of the Franco dictatorship. Given that no actual footage has been preserved, other material such as broadcast schedules published in the press, newspaper sections devoted to the subject and archive collections of bullfighting magazines have been examined and analysed in order to reconstruct a clear picture of programming in this genre offered by TVE during the period. It also provides a critical assessment of the ways in which the Franco regime sought to use bullfighting-related programming to promote tourism and pursue other economic objectives as well as an evaluation of the contribution of live broadcasts of corridas to the technological development of television in Spain and the gradual professionalisation of journalism devoted to this particular topic. Bullfighting related programming, which was quite popular among TV audience, did much to stimulate public interest in the medium as well as the world of tauromachy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research paper aims to analyse and compare the role of two of the major television networks in international news coverage, Al-Jazeera English and CNN, in relation to one of the most important social movements of the last decade known as the Arab Spring. The study specifically focuses on Egypt during the coup of July 2013, when President-elect Mohamed Morsi was overthrown by the army after weeks of protests. Through a qualitative content analysis based on the framing theory, we will look at the position of both channels regarding a coup emerging from popular uprisings and identify the differences between the two channels. The results show frames matching the definition of conflict (crisis and coup), military power and the legitimacy of democracy. As for divergences, it highlights CNN's stance towards the coup as a necessary evil, while Al-Jazeera English takes a more Islamist approach and prefers to emphasize its democratic legitimacy. The transition to democracy in Egypt is not seen as a linear process of uninterrupted progress, but events such as the coup are seen as slight setbacks in the development of the conflict. These setbacks are a result of the dynamics of power in Egypt, where the military remain in charge above and beyond social movements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current context and changes in the communicational paradigm in the last ten years lead to think we are experiencing a moment of transition that entails the end of mass media, like different studies have concluded. Among them, the most vulnerable product is the printed newspaper, which disappearance generates few doubts. However, immersed in this moment of change, we cannot yet evaluate what means to lose a journalistic model that has prevailed for over two centuries and a half as informational reference. From this perspective, the province of Cuenca, in Castile-La Mancha, one of the two in Spain which today no longer has a printed newspaper, offers us a unique scenario to approach what kind of medium positions as leader in its place. Using a mixed methodology, based on the review of documentary sources and contents analysis, we analyse a case study that aims to collect tendencies regarding proximity media. In this case, the switching from one platform to another has devaluated very relevant journalistic genres, such as the photo news or the editorial, but also some core practices in the journalism, like the editing task on the material that arriving to the editorial offices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main objective of this study is to give greater visibility to the female immigrant journalists who pioneered Portuguese newspapers within the United States. It also contributes to the restoration of their collective memories, lending special attention to some socially significant moments of symbolic value, so as to understand their remarkable roles within the Portuguese-American press. Their stories reveal the efforts of these women who strove to make a career in the world of journalism, and their determination and dignity, despite their socio-cultural origins from immigrant communities with rural roots, mostly in the Azores Islands. The male-dominated society of both the Portuguese diaspora and the USA meant that the inherent discrimination of cultural and social stereotyping relegated female roles to positions of inferiority and submission. Expected to forego higher education, they were often pushed into low-skilled jobs, even while caring for children and working as housewives. Through a qualitative methodology, based on the scarce few available archival resources, the lives of women who worked as editors of the Portuguese press in the United States are set in an historical perspective. Finally, the most representative aspects are presented of two of the most singular and paradigmatic pioneers of Portuguese journalism in the United States, Laurinda C. Andrade and Mary Nunes Silveira, respectively, the editors of A Tribuna Portuguesa (New Jersey) and the Jornal Português (California), through a discussion of their biographies and their professional careers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses the evolution of journalism research in Spain during the past 25 years, in terms of objects of study, research modalities and methodological approaches. A content analysis was designed and applied to a sample of 461 articles published by five renowned Spanish journals in communication research ( inalisi. Comunicación y Sociedad, Estudios sobre el Mensaje Periodístico, Revista Latina de Comunicación Social and Zer). Findings highlight the focus of journalism research on daily press studies and on the analysis of news content and also a progressive decreasing interest on the institutional dimensions (journalists, companies, markets, sectoral policies, etc.) and social dimensions (audiences, reception processes, effects and influence, etc.) of journalism. Regarding research modalities, theoretical studies significantly decrease over the period of analysis, until their virtual absence in the last decade. In contrast, empirical research increases, especially in terms of quantitative studies and evidences some methodological sophistication. The analysis of the results explain this trend in relation to the changes experimented by the academic and research system in Spanish communication studies since 2008, because of the implementation of the Academia programme for the university teaching habilitation by ANECA. This seems to be directing journalism research towards objects and methods that ensure a high curricular profitability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 1970s and 1980s were key years for the consolidation of environmentalism and environmental communication. In Spain, the special political situation during General Franco's military dictatorship conditioned the coverage of environmental issues, as did the transition to democracy. The Albufera Natural Park (Valencia, Spain) was a particularly significant case in this context, since it was involved in one of the first environmental protests to protect a natural area covered by Spanish media. In this paper, we study opinion articles published in the Valencian newspapers Las Provincias and Levante, in order to analyze the evolution of the environmental discourse in Spanish society from the dictatorship to the first years of democracy. Hence, we analyze and compare opinion articles about this natural space in two specific periods: the campaign against the urbanization project for the forest of Devesa del Saler, in the Albufera, from 1973 to 1974; and the reaction of the Valencian press between 1986 and 1990, when Spain was already a democracy and after the area was declared a natural park. Our research uses framing theory to include both quantitative and qualitative analysis. Results show there is an evolution concerning the perception of environmental protection: while it was seen as a citizen vindication of the public space during the dictatorship, in democracy it entered the sphere of policy management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At a time of crisis in news media organizations, with changes in the world of work occurring in different regions, a significant number of newsrooms have been affected by the mass firing of journalists. Multiple layoffs can be understood as part of a broader process of organizational change that is linked to deterioration in the working conditions of media workers and a transformation of journalistic modes of production. To understand the processes of organizational change in news organizations with multiple layoffs, this critical case study of news organizations in a western Mexican city relied on the analysis of data from multiple sources of information. It was found that the processes deriving in multiple layoffs do not develop homogeneously, but take shape according to context-specific characteristics such as, in the Mexican case, the institutional fragility of journalism and the uneven protection of rights across the territory. The collected data set illustrates how the processes of downsizing, convergence and precarization "commonly studied separately" may occur simultaneously and in an integrated fashion. Specific interplays of global and local trends found in this case study include pressure from governments and lack of tools for claiming labor rights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Communication & Society is the property of Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Navarra, S.A. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Communication & Society is the property of Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Navarra, S.A. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article herein presents the results of a research study focused on the evolution of reportage in the Spanish press over a span of four decades. This is the first longitudinal study covering such an extensive period (1982-2018) with regard to this narrative journalistic genre, through publications in La Vanguardia and ABC, the two oldest national newspapers in Spain. The aim of the study is to discover how the genre has evolved in recent decades, in terms of authorship, length, section in which it is published, headlines, visual and complementary elements, and the degree of hybridisation with other journalistic genres. Based on a quantitative and qualitative methodology, a sample was analysed using the constructed week sampling technique (N=346 issues). The results obtained show an increase in the amount and general length of the reports published from the year 2000 onward, as well as a tendency toward hybridisation with genres such as the crónica and the news report. However, there is no evidence of a commitment to narrative aspects. The increase in pagination has been fostered by the incorporation of visual and design elements, while the Society section continues to have the highest share of reportage pieces. Most of the reportage items analysed were bylined by one person, who were predominantly men, which suggests a gender gap in the authorship of prestigious journalistic genres. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the period January–April 2013, the Basque press covered what at first seemed to be only a local scandal sparked by the detection of horsemeat in processed food labelled in Great Britain and Ireland as containing only beef but quickly became an issue that implicated companies throughout Europe. The findings of this study show that Basque newspapers used interpretative reporting, opinion pieces and in-house journalism drawing heavily on “close" sources to frame this situation in terms of its potential economic and political impact in the Basque Country. The research reported in this article was carried out as part of a more extensive university-civil society research project focusing on media coverage of food safety issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the last decade, Artificial Intelligence (AI) has become gradually more prevalent in mass media and news agency newsrooms. This growing tendency has prompted intense debate about the negative impact on journalism, particularly on quality standards and ethical principles. Taking an explorative approach, this study aims to analyse the application of AI in newsrooms, focusing on the impact on news-making processes, media routines and profiles, highlighting the benefits and shortcomings, and finally, analysing the rise of ethical dilemmas. For this purpose, 15 in-depth interviews were conducted in two rounds, in 2019 and 2021, with a sample of journalists and other media professionals, academics, experts on the media industry, and providers of technology leading the work on AI. The international sample includes interviewees from the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany and Spain. The interviewees agree that AI will enhance journalists' capabilities by saving time, augmenting the efficiency of the news-making processes and, therefore, increasing mass media industry productivity. However, a change of mind-set in the media environment is needed, and training on the use of these tools must be a priority given the lack of knowledge observed. Finally, the emergence of ethical issues underlines the need for continuous control and supervision of the processes undertaken by AI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Communication & Society is the property of Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Navarra, S.A. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Communication & Society is the property of Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Navarra, S.A. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

ISSN 2386-7876 - © 2021 Communication & Society, 34(2), 159-176 159 Artificial intelligence and journalism: Systematic review of scientific production in Web of Science and Scopus (2008-2019) Abstract Research about the use of Artificial Intelligence applied to journalism has increased over the years. Some concepts like robot journalism, algorithm journalism, automated journalism, computational journalism, augmented journalism, artificial journalism, high tech journalism or AI are used for the same purpose. In this same line, other specific studies in journalism (Martínez Nicolás, Saperas & Carrasco Campos, 2017), the mobile journalism (López et al., 2019), fake news (Blanco Alfonso, García Galera & Tejedor, 2019; Valero & Oliveira, 2018), transmedia narrative (Vicente Torrico, 2017), big data (Gindin, Busso & 2018), digital competencies in journalism (Marta-Lazo, Rodríguez & Peñalva, 2020) or the role of women in communication research (Martín Algarra, Serrano Puche & Rebollero, 2018) are noteworthy. The eleven most usual terms were: 1) "Computational journalism", present in 33% of scientific texts; 2) "Automated journalism", with 15.8%; 3) "Robot journalism", found in 15.3% of works; 4) "Journalism", appearing in 14.4% of production; 5) "Artificial intelligence", present in 13.9%; 6) "Data journalism", in 12.4%; 7) "Algorithms", used in 12%; 8) "Automation", found in 7.7% of researches; 9) "Algorithmic journalism", represented in 5.7%; 10) "Social media", found in 5.7% of the production and 11) "Big data", present in 5.3%. [Extracted from the article]

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is one of the most promising innovation frameworks with the potential to transform our relationship with technology. Particularly in journalism, AI is beginning to make its way transversally into the news production process and into the structure and functioning of the media. This article aims to anticipate how AI will impact on the Spanish media ecosystem and explain the medium-term transformations that are already being felt. The research approach is of an exploratory and descriptive nature, with a qualitative methodology based on Delphi-like indepth interviews, encompassing an intentional sample of academic representatives, relevant associations and leading companies in the field of technology and communication. The results point out that AI will allow the extension of the current automated text news to audio and video on demand, it will favour that news can have a non-linear unstructured consumption, it will promote changes in the business model through new ways of relating with the audience and distribution of the product. Also, variations in the professional profile with a less operative journalist who will avoid routines -even of personal nature-that can be imitated by the machine and increase its cognitive contribution to the news production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work is an approximation to the beginnings of Portuguese radio in the United States, a phenomenon associated with the Lusophone immigrant community scattered throughout the United States. Starting from the hypothesis that radio was an innovative communication instrument that could have altered the perception of the reality of the Portuguese diaspora in a delocalised and transmediatic context, the object of the study focuses on describing and analysing some of the relevant aspects of the beginnings of this sound medium within the Portuguese community in North America in the 1930s, when the Portuguese began to produce their own programmes. As the use of radio as a means of communication became more popular, several Portuguese-language radio stations called "Portuguese hours" appeared, which were housed in local radio stations in population centres with a significant presence of Portuguese, especially in New England and California. Some Portuguese journalists took up the challenge of devoting themselves to radio journalism with great success, while others interpreted the enormous interest aroused by radio programmes among immigrants as a threat to the advertising income of the press. Through the use of dispersed documentary and newspaper sources and the use of qualitative techniques of content analysis, the main objective of this research is to explain the characteristics of the first Portuguese-language radio programs in the United States, how the immigrant press reacted to their potential threat as a competing medium, and who were their pioneers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, the political arena has been transformed into a space of public debate, a phenomenon which is both evident, yet hitherto unparalleled. A new range of digital social communication tools framed within the Web 2.0 era, with the blog often proving the tool of choice, has displaced the traditional dominance of the communication scenario previously enjoyed by the mass media, thanks to a series of more interactive, diverse and credible dynamics which place the user at the very heart of the political discussion process and facilitates processes of social mobilization and collective civic action. This study takes the above situation as its point of departure and guiding principle to propose and define political blogs as a new means of creating information and opinion, and communicating and occasioning effective influence in public agenda-setting. This theoretical work undertakes a detailed critical analysis of the potential of these tools and explains the extent to which they should be considered appropriate platforms for the communication and discussion of public issues. Moreover, it will also consider their engagement in a new, more open form of citizen journalism, free of the bias and pressures exerted by large media corporations, thus creating a digital public sphere with far greater capacity and agency for change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research that focuses on participation in the field of journalism remains undertheorized and overused to explain whatever type of relation with the audience. This tension leads to a shortage of a solid theoretical construct to explain the processes of sharing online content in journalism. This article frames the audience studies in a new paradigm, which is linked to the key concept of sharing. It argues for an unresolved issue between the users' abundant social activities with media content and the lack of explicit strategies by the media to take advantage of how and why people share news on the internet. This article deals with a theoretical framework for journalism built on the convergence of audience studies, the research on participation and the management of online communities. All these approaches converge in the activity of sharing content, which remains undervalued within the academic and scientific field of journalism studies. This article recovers the paradigm of a media landscape made by information flows -instead of information stocks. Therefore, the act of sharing -by the audience- becomes strategic for the media. What it means in the field of research in journalism for the coming years is the main issue of this theoretical article. As part of the final results, the article summarises some research lines that are useful to develop a new framework around audiences and sharing content. We hope this work contributes to the theoretical awareness within a distinct segment of journalism studies influenced by the audience's online activities with media content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Communication & Society is the property of Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Navarra, S.A. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)