1. Characterization of banana peel by scanning electron microscopy and FT-IR spectroscopy and its use for cadmium removal
- Author
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G. Zuhra Memon, Geoffrey C. Allen, Muhammad Iqbal Bhanger, Jamil R. Memon, A El-Turki, and Saima Q. Memon
- Subjects
Time Factors ,Surface Properties ,Metal ions in aqueous solution ,Enthalpy ,Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy ,Analytical chemistry ,symbols.namesake ,Colloid and Surface Chemistry ,Adsorption ,Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared ,Particle Size ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,Chemistry ,X-Rays ,Langmuir adsorption model ,Musa ,Sorption ,Banana peel ,Surfaces and Interfaces ,General Medicine ,Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ,Gibbs free energy ,Fruit ,Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ,symbols ,Thermodynamics ,Cadmium ,Biotechnology - Abstract
This study describes the use of banana peel, a commonly produced fruit waste, for the removal of Cd(II) from environmental and industrial wastewater. The banana peel was characterized by FT-IR and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis. The parameters pH, contact time, initial metal ion concentration and temperature were investigated and found to be rapid ( approximately 97% within 10 min). The Langmuir adsorption isotherm was used to describe partitioning behavior for the system at room temperature. The value of Q(L) was found to be (35.52 mg g(-1)) higher than the previously reported materials. The binding of metal ions was found to be pH-dependent with the optimal sorption occurring at pH 8. The retained species were eluted with 5 mL of 5 x 10(-3)M HNO(3) with the detection limit of 1.7 x 10(-3)mg L(-1). Kinetics of sorption followed the pseudo-first-order rate equation with the rate constant k, equal to 0.13+/-0.01 min(-1). Thermodynamic parameters such as Gibbs free energy at 303K (-7.41+/-0.13 kJ mol(-1)) and enthalpy (40.56+/-2.34 kJ mol(-1)) indicated the spontaneous and endothermic nature of the sorption process. The developed method was utilized for the removal of Cd(II) ions from environmental and industrial wastewater samples using flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer (FAAS).
- Published
- 2008