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Early fire warning holds immense potential for achieving more efficient fire-safety management. Despite the emergence of numerous fire-alarm sensors in recent years, they display deficiencies in providing prompt and repeatable early detection during fire accidents, thus failing to mitigate potential losses. Herein, we demonstrated a bio-based fire-warning film with chitosan (CS) and amino trimethylene phosphonic acid (ATMP) prepared by an environmental-friendly water evaporation method. The transparency, thermal stability, flame retardancy and fire-warning performances of CS and CS-ATMP films were comprehensively investigated. Remarkably, the inclusion of ATMP results in a significant improvement in the thermal stability and char yield. Moreover, the total heat release value of CS-ATMP-1 film exhibits a remarkable 35.7% reduction compared to that of pure CS film, demonstrating a substantial enhancement in flame retardancy. The thermosensitive properties of CS endow it with fire-warning capabilities. The CS-ATMP-2 film triggers an alarm signal within 0.3 s and the signal maintains for 196.0 s under alcohol flame attack, indicating its high sensitivity and stable alarm signal. Furthermore, the possible flame-retardant and fire-alarm mechanisms are proposed. This bio-based CS-ATMP film with excellent flame-retardant and repeatable early warning capacities manifests promising applications in building fire prevention and detection. [Display omitted] • Transparent bio-based CS-ATMP films were prepared by water evaporation method. • Fire-retardant and fire early-warning performances of films were investigated. • Fire-retardant and proton conductivity mechanisms were explored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Developing thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) composites with excellent fire-safe properties is greatly significant to expand the application fields. Two-dimensional MXene has been proven effective in reducing fire hazards of TPU whereas its poor dispersion in TPU is a serious concern. Herein, benzyl trimethyl ammonium chloride and victoria blue B modified Ti 3 C 2 were synthesized through interface engineering methods and TPU composites were prepared via severally introducing the two modified Ti 3 C 2 by solvent mixing and hot pressing measures. No apparent agglomeration is observed, suggesting uniform dispersion of functionalized Ti 3 C 2 in TPU. The TPU composites present superior performances in flame retardancy and smoke suppression, and the distinguished fire safety can be attributed to the physical barrier and catalytic charring effect of functionalized Ti 3 C 2 and TiO 2. This research presents a convenient way to obtain functionalized Ti 3 C 2 , enriching the future applications of MXene as flame retardant and reducing the fire hazards of TPU. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The eco-friendly and simple layer-by-layer (LbL) self-assembly process is used to create a graphene oxide (GO) and aluminum oxide hydroxide (AlOOH) functional coating on melamine foam (MF) by utilizing the hydrogen bonding interaction. The manufactured composite foam exhibits good hydrophobicity and structural stability in the both strong acidic and alkaline solutions. The AlOOH-GO composite coating's electrical resistance is susceptible to flame and high temperature, allowing for ultra-fast fire detection and efficient fire-warning response. When the composite foam is attacked by flame, it triggers an alarm signal within 2.5 s and a continuous alarm time access of 256 s, demonstrating exceptional early fire-warning capability. The thermal stability of this combustible foam is improved by the optimized AlOOH-GO composite coating. The AlOOH-GO composite coating endows MF with exceptional flame-retardant properties, including self-extinguishing and structural integrity after combustion. This work proposes an efficient method for considerably reducing the fire hazard of flammable materials and expanding the applications in a fire early detection and warning. [Display omitted] • A novel early fire-alarm sensor was designed based on AlOOH-GO nano-coating. • The sensitivity and stability of this novel fire sensor were excellent. • The fire-alarm and flame-retardant mechanisms of AlOOH-GO nano-coating were studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]