Search

The goal of this research to increase the combustion efficiency of gaseous fuel in furnaces, while decreasing the atmospheric emissions. Such emissions may be decreased by electrical, magnetic–electrical, and electromagnetic treatment of the gas and air fluxes in the burner. The individual treatments and their combination are considered. The physicochemical aspects of combustion are studied experimentally on a modular system. In the experiments, individual gas and oxidant fluxes are activated by magnetic and electromagnetic fields. Theoretical and experimental data reveal the interactions of the components in the fluxes. Information is obtained regarding the action of magnetic and electric fields on gas and air fluxes and also regarding the environmental impact of the gas emissions. Magnetic–electric treatment increases the reactivity of the fuel and the intensity of fuel combustion. The temperature of the flame and exhaust gases is increased, while the content of carbon oxides is decreased.

A disposal technology for lithium batteries with minimal environmental impact is proposed. Ground battery components are processed in five stages, to produce mechanically activated powder. Attention focuses on two stages: leaching; and purification and concentration of the lithium hydroxide and carbonate in a high-pressure membrane unit. Theoretical principles are outlined for mechanical–chemical destruction of the ground battery components with high product yield. Analysis of ball and product motion in a ball mill shows that waterfall motion of the balls is optimal. Formulas are given for the equivalent diameter of the particles and their specific surface.

The disposal of mobile communication devices, which forms part of their life cycle, is considered in the present work. The valuable components present in various devices (mobile phones, smart phones, tablets, e-books) are noted. On that basis, the yield of basic components is plotted against the type of device. The gaseous emissions associated with the roasting of electronic waste are tabulated. Analysis of existing disposal methods permits the development of a system for the disposal of mobile communication devices based on a combination of mechanical and thermal methods. The reactor employed includes a retort that facilitates the charging of crushed components and their final discharge. The cycle for the continuous operation of two reactors is presented. By combining low-temperature pyrolysis and electrical melting, valuable products may be obtained: gold, silver, copper, and carbon black. The production of granulated fuel from such carbon is discussed. The use of a hydrodynamic scrubber minimizes the environmental impact of the system for disposal of mobile communication devices.

The production of fuel granules on the basis of various types of waste (wood shavings, spent malt, peat, sunflower husks, leaves, and carbon black) is considered. The calorific value and ash content of the granules are determined in comprehensive tests. A model is proposed for the multistage combustion of fuel granules.

The basic principles for the reconstruction of sectional cooling towers are considered on the basis of current information technology. In reconstruction, a group of cooling microtowers is installed on a special reference grid. The air parameters that must be monitored so as to permit automatic control of the reconstructed tower are noted. This approach improves the energy efficiency of the evaporative cooling of circulating water at industrial enterprises and reduces pollution emissions to the surroundings with the discharged steam.