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AbstractThis article analyzes the negative impact of cryptocurrency mining activities on the environment and analyzes the urgency of cryptocurrency mining policy to protect the environment. This analysis was carried out by conducting a comparative study of regulations in countries open to the development of cryptocurrency, including Indonesia, the United States, China, and Iran. The results of this comparison are used as material for constructing environmentally friendly cryptocurrency mining regulations to be implemented in various countries. This type of research is legal research. The research approaches are the statutory, comparative, and case approaches. Data was collected using the literature study method, and technical data analysis was carried out using a qualitative juridical method. The results of this research are how to prevent and combat the negative impacts of cryptocurrency mining activities on the environment, including implementing several policies including minimizing greenhouse gas emissions, ensuring reliable energy, encouraging transparency and increasing environmental performance, data search to understand, monitor, and reduce impact, enactment of energy efficiency standards, besides that it is necessary to implement transaction fees and carbon taxes for cryptocurrency mining.

Indonesia is the second largest food waste disposer after Saudi Arabia. The potential increase in waste and food waste is an essential issue for Indonesia, given the problem’s economic, social, and environmental implications. However, the implementation of the circular economy concept still faces various problems compared to Germany, Netherlands, and China.This paper aims to formulate an ideal policy to implement the circular economy concept through policy comparisons between countries especially to overcome the problem of food waste in Indonesia. This is legal politics research that takes a conceptual and comparative approach. A comparative study was conducted on circular economy policies relating to food waste in Indonesia, Germany, the Netherlands, and China. Data was collected through a literature study analyzing various circular economy regulations. According to the research findings, the Circular Economy Act has to be implemented in Germany, Netherlands, and China has been proven effective as a guideline and policy direction to provide solutions for the problems of waste and food waste. The Circular Economy Act serves as a guide and policy direction for the government, private sector, communities, and parties to address environmental issues and help realize sustainable development goals.