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Foredunes provide many environmental and ecosystem services including protection from wave erosion and flooding hazards during storm events. While the impact of human interventions on the short-term evolution of coastal dunes is reasonably well understood, less is known about their contemporary influence on current wind and sediment dynamics several decades after implementation. The coastal dunes in Leucate (SE, France) have been anthropogenically constructed and are dominated by offshore wind conditions. Since their construction 20 years ago, a distinct variation in their longshore morphology has developed that is inherited from its original construction. The northern part of the dune has a symmetrical profile with a 28° degree stoss slope, 30° lee slope and a single crest. The southern part is asymmetric, with a gentler stoss slope (12°), 26° lee slope, and a double crest. To explore the potential geomorphic impacts of this distinct difference in morphology, several numerical simulations with varying wind speeds and direction were conducted. We used Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) to explore the spatial variations of the near surface wind flow, shear stress and aeolian sediment transport. show that for each scenario, near surface wind speed accelerated toward the dune crest on the windward slope of the dune. The maximum wind speed varied with incident wind direction, the highest speeds occurring when incident wind flow was perpendicular to the dune crest. The double crest in the southern section of the dune affected the wind flow by inducing two consecutive speeds-up zones, with a greater maximum wind speed than on the single crested dune. Wind flow separation was observed where a steep lee slope was present (single crested dune), and only during perpendicular winds. This suggests that the shape of the dune and the direction of the wind are key parameters rather than wind speed. The area affected by reversed separated flow was spatially limited and did not extend beyond the dune toe but was below the threshold for aeolian sediment transport. Elsewhere in the lee of the dune, the wind was only deflected by an order of 15° for the oblique winds (310 and 330°), and less than 10° for the perpendicular wind (290°) on the southern part. In these locations, the shear velocity exceeded the threshold, notably on the southern dune, which coincided with the formation of undulating aeolian deposits in the lee of vegetation on the dune crest. The spatial differences observed in wind flow and aeolian sediment transport processes on this human-made dune were directly inherited from differences in their construction two decades ago. These results demonstrate the importance of the constructed dune profile, due to its potential impact on the long-term evolution of the landscape and the sediment budget of the system. • Dune construction methods impact their morphology even after several decades. • A relatively small coastal dune can lead to airflow separation. • The pattern of wind flow perturbation depends on dune shape and wind direction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wind waves breaking at an angle with the shoreline force the drifting of littoral sediments, which is known for contributing to the formation and growth of barrier spits. Intriguingly, increased rates of longshore wave power have also been associated with the erosion of some barrier spits on the updrift margin of tidal inlets. Therefore, a numerical experiment was designed and is presented here, which investigates the possible links between the longshore wave power and the shortening of these elongated coastal barriers. Based on a process-based model, the experiment provides new insights into the forces at play in the redistribution of sediments between a sandspit and its adjacent inlet, respectively the Cap Ferret and the Bay of Arcachon's tidal inlet, in SW France. More particularly, model scenarios were defined that show how combined waves and tide create gradients of residual sediment transport responsible for a sediment deficit at the spit – inlet boundary. The deficit was also found to deepen with increasing longshore wave energy, as if the transfer of sediment from the spit to inlet shoals was accelerated. This physically explains the previously observed retreat of the spit's distal end during periods dominated by the positive phase of North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) in winter. Indeed, according to model results, higher and/or more oblique waves associated with the positive phase of the NAO are expected to increase the transfer and storage of the drifting sediments to and by the inlet shoals, and this at the expense of the spit. While these conclusions remain valid, we noticed that the sensitivity of model results to the bottom friction enhanced the importance of accurately representing the spatio-temporal distribution of bed roughness when investigating the morphodynamic interactions between real-world tidal inlets and their margins. • Residual sediment transport is modelled at a mixed energy tidal inlet. • Waves with tides create transport gradients near the inlet's updrift spit extremity. • Larger or more oblique waves deepen this gradient and reinforce the sand deficit. • Physically sounded explanation to enhanced spit erosion during NAO + winters. • Bed roughness models need to be improved for 2DH inlet-spit morphodynamic modelling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]