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This discussion and the three case examples illustrate different etiologies of shoulder problems in the golfer. Age and the mechanics of an individual swing are factors to consider when defining the core problem. In summarizing shoulder pain in the golfer, perhaps the key point is that a thorough patient evaluation is essential to diagnose the problem accurately. It is only with a specific and accurate diagnosis that an optimal treatment program can be designed, and successful outcomes will be the result.

In summary, a sport-specific exercise program for golfers includes warming up, stretching, strengthening, and cardiovascular conditioning. The goals of such a program incorporated with playing the game of golf are to optimize performance and prevent injuries. The integration of each of these components represents a well-balanced fitness approach to sport and enhances the enjoyment of the game.