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Background As patients with chronic kidney disease become older, there is greater need to identify who will most benefit from kidney transplantation. Analytic morphomics has emerged as an objective risk assessment tool distinct from chronologic age. We hypothesize that morphometric age is a significant predictor of survival following transplantation. Methods A retrospective cohort of 158 kidney transplant patients from 2005 to 2014 with 1-year preoperative imaging was identified. Based on a control population comprising of trauma patients and kidney donors, morphometric age was calculated using the validated characteristics of psoas area, psoas density, and abdominal aortic calcification. The primary outcome was post-transplant survival. Results Cox regression showed morphometric age was a significant predictor of survival (hazard ratio, 1.06 per morphometric year [95% confidence interval, 1.03-1.08]; P < .001). Chronological age was not significant (hazard ratio, 1.03 per year [0.98-1.07]; P = .22). Among the chronologically oldest patients, those with younger morphometric age had greater survival rates compared to those with older morphometric age. Conclusions Morphometric age predicts survival following kidney transplantation. Particularly for older patients, it offers improved risk stratification compared to chronologic age. Morphomics may improve the transplant selection process and provide a greater assessment of prospective survival benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Sarcopenic liver transplant recipients have higher rates of mortality, but mechanisms underlying these rates remain unclear. Failure to rescue (FTR) has been shown to be a primary driver of mortality following major general and vascular surgery. We hypothesized that FTR is common in sarcopenic liver transplant recipients. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 348 liver transplant recipients with perioperative CT scans. Analytic morphomic techniques were used to assess trunk muscle size via total psoas area (TPA). One-yr major complication and FTR rates were calculated across TPA tertiles. Results: The one-yr complication rate was 77% and the FTR rate was 19%. Multivariate regression showed TPA as a significant predictor of FTR (OR = 0.27 per 1000 mm² increase in TPA, p < 0.001). Compared to patients in the largest muscle tertile, patients in the smallest tertile had 1.4-fold higher adjusted complication rates (91% vs. 66%) and 2.8-fold higher adjusted FTR rates (22% vs. 8%). Discussion: These results suggest that mortality in sarcopenic liver transplant recipients may be strongly related to FTR. Efforts aimed at early recognition and management of complications may decrease postoperative mortality. Additionally, this work highlights the need for expanded multicenter collaborations aimed at collection and analysis of postoperative complications in liver transplant recipients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Living kidney donor pools are expanding with the use of 'medically complex' donors. Whether or not to include cigarette smokers as living kidney donors remains unclear. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between donor smoking and recipient outcomes. We hypothesized that donor smoking would increase donor complications and decrease allograft and recipient survival over time. Methods The charts of 602 living kidney donors and their recipients were retrospectively reviewed. Kaplan- Meier survival analysis and Cox modeling were used to assess the relationships between smoking and recipient and allograft survival. Results No difference in postoperative complications was seen in smoking versus non-smoking donors. Donor smoking at time of evaluation did not significantly decrease allograft survival ( HR = 1.19, p = 0.52), but recipient smoking at evaluation did reduce allograft survival ( HR = 1.74, p = 0.05). Both donor and recipient smoking decreased recipient survival ( HR = 1.93, p < 0.01 vs HR = 1.74, p = 0.048). Discussion When controlled for donor and recipient factors, cigarette smoking by living kidney donors significantly reduced recipient survival. This datum suggests that careful attention to smoking history is an important clinical measure in which to counsel potential donors and recipients. Policy efforts to limit donors with a recent smoking history should be balanced with the overall shortage of appropriate kidney donors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction Better measures of liver transplant risk stratification are needed. Our previous work noted a strong relationship between psoas muscle area and survival following liver transplantation. The dorsal muscle group is easier to measure, but it is unclear if they are also correlated with surgical outcomes. Methods Our study population included liver transplant recipients with a preoperative CT scan. Cross-sectional areas of the dorsal muscle group at the T12 vertebral level were measured. The primary outcomes for this study were one- and five-yr mortality and one-yr complications. The relationship between dorsal muscle group area and post-transplantation outcome was assessed using univariate and multivariate techniques. Results Dorsal muscle group area measurements were strongly associated with psoas area ( r = 0.72; p < 0.001). Postoperative outcome was observed from 325 patients. Multivariate logistic regression revealed dorsal muscle group area to be a significant predictor of one-yr mortality (odds ratio [ OR] = 0.53, p = 0.001), five-yr mortality ( OR = 0.53, p < 0.001), and one-yr complications ( OR = 0.67, p = 0.007). Conclusion Larger dorsal muscle group muscle size is associated with improved post-transplantation outcomes. The muscle is easier to measure and may represent a clinically relevant postoperative risk factor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]