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Introduction: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is an efficient and innovative therapeutic tool for primary graft dysfunction (PGD). However, its effect on survival and long‐term lung function is not well known. This study evaluated those parameters in patients with PGD requiring ECMO. Method: This single‐center, retrospective study included patients who underwent LTx at our institute between January 2007 and December 2013. Patients and disease characteristics, survival, and pulmonary function tests were recorded. Results: A total of 309 patients underwent LTx during the study period and 211 were included. The patients were predominantly male (53.5%), the median age was 39 years, and the primary pathology was suppurative disease (53.1%). ECMO for PGD was mandatory in 24 (11.7%) cases. Mortality at 3 months in the ECMO group was 50% (N = 12). However, long‐term survival after PGD did not correlate with ECMO. Forced expiratory volume and vital capacity were significantly reduced in patients with PGD requiring ECMO, especially those with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Conclusion: Veno‐arterial ECMO appears to be suitable for management of PGD after LTx. Patients with PGD requiring ECMO show increased initial mortality; however, long‐term survival was comparable with that of other patients in the study. Lung function does not appear to be related to PGD requiring ECMO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]