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The article presents a case study of a 7-year-old pediatric patient with stercoral colitis and acute kidney injury resulting from chronic constipation. Topics discussed include the recognition of conditions like stercoral colitis in children, the widespread and often underdiagnosed nature of chronic constipation, and the potential long-term complications that can arise if this condition is not adequately managed.

The article focuses on considering liver abscess as a potential etiology for prolonged fever without an obvious cause in pediatric patients, especially those with acute changes in appetite, abdominal symptoms, or recent abdominal trauma. Topics include typical bacteria associated with liver abscesses, such as Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, as well as parasitic etiologies like Amebiasis and Human Echinococcosis, based on exposure history.

The article describes the case of a 13-year-old female with chronic medical history of presumed Rett syndrome (RTT) based on developmental regression and behavioral observation, microcephaly, seizure disorder, and gastrostomy tube dependence. Topics discussed include findings on medical examination of the patient, clinical characteristics of Rett syndrome, and differential diagnosis, workup, and outcomes of therapeutic interventions trialed for patient's agitation.

The article focuses on the unusual presentation of metastatic neuroblastoma in a 5-week-old male infant who initially exhibited symptoms such as constipation and hepatomegaly. Topics include the diagnostic challenges associated with liver lesions and elevated alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), the unique features of stage MS neuroblastoma in infants, and the importance of considering metastatic neuroblastoma in cases of hepatomegaly with elevated AFP and other associated laboratory findings.

The article presents a case study of an 11-year-old nonverbal girl with a genetic anomaly who presented to the emergency department with symptoms of fever, abdominal pain, and increased urinary frequency. Topics discussed include the diagnosis and management of bilateral hydrosalpinx with concurrent tubal torsion in a presexual female population, as well as the challenges in diagnosing and treating adnexal pathology in bedridden patients.

The article describes the case of an eight-year old girl with history of chronic constipation and a calcified abdominal mass and diagnosed with Hirschsprung's disease. It discusses clinical findings on the patient's anorectal manometry, computed tomography and colonoscopy and details of her conditions of fecaloma and delayed passage of meconium. The patient underwent laparoscopic colostomy, laparoscopically assisted Soave endorectal pull-through with loop ileostomy and ileostomy closure.

The article presents a case study of a 14-year-old female, with no significant past medical history, presented to the local emergency center with 3 days of abdominal pain, decreased oral intake, nausea, and multiple episodes of nonblood, nonbilious emesis. It notes that the presented case is the first report of acute pancreatitis in a pediatric patient after the Covid vaccine; and the 2 reported adult cases without known risk factors, the episodes of acute pancreatitis were uncomplicated.

The article presents a case study of a 15-year-old boy with a history of ischemic spinal cord infarct with resultant partial lower extremity paraplegia and presents with fever of unknown etiology. Topics include patient arrives from a referring institution with a normal chest computed tomography angiogram, troponins, and basic metabolic panel; and Anterior-posterior and left decubitus films of the abdomen reveal pneumoperitoneum with loculated fluid within right upper abdomen.

A case study of 17-month-old girl with a past medical history significant for biliary atresia status post liver transplant (8 months of age) complicated by Epstein-Barr virus viremia is presented. Chest radiograph revealed mild hyperexpansion of both lungs with linear streak in right middle lobe. Child received fluid resuscitation, nasopharyngeal suctioning, and 3 L of oxygen by nasal cannula without significant improvement in respiratory distress.

The article discusses case studies of 11-year-old boy with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder presented with new-onset hematuria, and 18-year-old boy with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) presented with a urethral foreign body (FB). It mentions that 14-French cystoscope identified 16 magnetic spheres; and an extraperitoneal cystotomy was made through a Pfannenstiel incision.

The article presents a case study of a 17-month-old female presented to her pediatrician with a 1-day history of high-grade fevers, nonbloody diarrhea, and nonbloody, nonbilious emesis. The article discusses that she was diagnosed with a presumed viral infection during the following week, the diarrhea and emesis resolved; and Clinicians should be suspicious of this diagnosis when encountering patients with persistent fevers and elevated WBC and CRP.

The article presents a case report of an 11-year-old girl from a consanguineous union with Wilson's disease from age 9. She complained of fever, vomiting, and loose stool among others, and was on therapy. She was diagnosed with severe hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS) type II that is marked by liver disease, pulmonary gas exchange abnormalities and interpulmonary vascular dilatations. The patient would require liver transplantation in the future.

The article presents a caswe study of a 3-year-old Asian American girl presented to the emergency room with decreased responsiveness following a 3-day history of polydipsia and polyuria. It mentions diagnosis of necrosis of the terminal ileum with Candida overgrowth, type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) presenting with mixed DKA and hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS).

The article presents a case study of 7-year-old-girl with left lower limb swelling and left-sided groin mass that had developed 2 weeks earlier. It mentions that magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of abdomen and lower limbs revealed diffuse subcutaneous edema of the lower left thigh and leg and a diminutive or absent uterus with no evidence of vascular malformation or venolymphatic obstruction.

The article presents case study of a 15-year-old white female presented to pediatric rheumatology clinic for evaluation of an intermittent, nonpruritic, painful rash of 2 months duration over her shins and knees. It mentions that biopsy of the rash revealed a perivascular lymphocytic infiltrate and diagnosis of IgG4-related disease was confirmed.

The article presents a case study of an African American male born by spontaneous vaginal delivery due to suspected abruption is presented with abdominal pain, vaginal bleeding, and report of possible rupture of membranes. It mentions his developed respiratory depression shortly after birth and required resuscitation with blow by oxygen.

The article present case study of a term female neonate was referred to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of hospital from a peripheral hospital at 4 hours of life with respiratory distress. Further discusses child was born by an emergency Caesarean section due to meconium staining of the liquor; diagnosed by the neonatal gastric perforations, rare with gastrointestinal perforations in neonates.

The article presents a case study of a 12-year-old white female with a history of vesicoureteral reflux was transferred to pediatric intensive care unit for respiratory failure and acute kidney injury. It mentions that the patient was diagnosed with Legionnaire’s Disease after undergoing abdominal radiograph and computed tomography. It states that the patient received intravenous antimicrobial coverage for Enterococcus bacteremia and 8 days of azithromycin for Legionnaire’s disease.

The article presents case study of a 7-year-old Ashkenazi male who was diagnosed with autoimmune pancreatitis with obstructive cholangitis. It mentions that liver biopsy showed inflammatory changes consistent with an obstructive cholangitis, including bile ductular reaction and portal neutrophilic infiltration with edema. It presents information on importance of including AIP in differential diagnosis for children with idiopathic pancreatitis.

A case study is presented of an 11-year-old African American female suffering from abdominal distention and pain of unknown etiology. An abdominal radiograph showed gas throughout the entire gastrointestinal tract, , further she was transferred to pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) and was treated with methylprednisolone which showed improvement in respiratory symptoms, and was discharged with scheduled H1/H2 blockade and epinephrine pen injectors in case of anaphylaxis at home.

Summary: We examined (1) the observer variability (both interobserver and intraobserver) in interpretation of abdominal radiographs of infants with suspected necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), (2) the interobserver variability for individual radiologic signs used to diagnose NEC, and (3) the influence of experience in determining the extent of observer variability. Our hypotheses were (1) there would be considerable observer variability in interpretation of abdominal radiographs of infants with suspected NEC; (2) the extent of observer variability would differ for individual radiologic signs of NEC; and (3) the extent of observer variability would be determined by the observer's experience. The participants included 12 observers: two pediatric radiologists, four attending neonatologists, three neonatal fellows, and three pediatric residents. The participating observers under similar interpretation conditions, twice independently, interpreted the same 40 pairs of abdominal radiographs from infants with suspected NEC. The interval between the two interpretations was 3 to 6 months. Intraobserver and interobserver variability was assessed by applying the Kappa statistic to the radiologic signs of NEC for the two separate interpretations. The observers were blinded to patient's identity and the clinical course. Each observer recorded the absence, suspicion, or presence of (1) intestinal distention, (2) air fluid levels; (3) bowel wall thickening, (4) pneumatosis intestinalis, (5) portal venous gas, (6) pneumoperitoneum, and (7) NEC. We found low intraobserver and interobserver agreements. There was considerable variation in observer variability for individual radiologic signs. Trained observers performed better than in-training observers. We conclude that the radiologic signs in isolation should not be considered reliable. We recommend studies to formulate more objective criteria for many of the radiographic features of NEC. Standardization and periodic enforcement o... [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]