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To compare primary tumor (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) maximum standardized uptake value (SUV(max)) and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) obtained in the same patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) to clarify the prognostic significance of both indexes.The study population comprised 26 patients with HNSCC visible on both pretreatment FDG PET/CT and DWI. Correlation between SUV(max) and ADC (b values; 0 and 800 seconds/mm(2)) was analyzed by the Spearman's rank test. Disease-free survival (DFS) was calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method. Prognostic significance was assessed by the long-rank test and Cox proportional hazards analysis.SUV(max) and ADC correlated significantly and negatively (ρ = -0.566, P = 0.005). High (12.1) SUV(max) (P0.001), low (≤ 0.88) ADC (P = 0.009), high (T3-4) T stage (P = 0.030), and high (N2-3) N stage (P = 0.007) were significant in predicting poor 2-year DFS. The accuracy for predicting disease events was 81% (21/26) for SUV(max) (12.1) and 73% (19/26) for ADC(≤ 0.88) without significant difference between them (P = 0.52). Disease event hazards ratios for significant unadjusted SUV(max) (P = 0.015) and ADC (P = 0.039) remained significant when adjusted for other dichotomized clinical covariates (SUV(max); P = 0.009-0.039, ADC; P = 0.017-0.037) except SUV(max) for ADC and ADC for SUV(max) and T stage.These results suggest that pretreatment primary tumor SUV(max) and ADC correlate significantly and negatively and both may have similar potential to predict DFS or disease events of HNSCC.

We report 2 patients with chronic myeloid leukemia in the chronic phase showing diffusely increased F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake in the bone marrow before treatment. Follow-up FDG positron emission tomography (PET) scans were performed in a patient after cessation of treatment and in the other under treatment. Both FDG PET findings showed reduced FDG uptake in the bone marrow. A series of these FDG PET findings suggest the usefulness of FDG PET for the diagnosis and monitoring of chronic myeloid leukemia after treatment.

We report a series of FDG PET findings of a 69-year-old male patient with autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) associated with extrapancreatic disease. The first FDG PET revealed diffuse uptake of FDG in AIP and retroperitoneal fibrosis (RF). The second FDG PET after cessation of steroid treatment indicated subsiding of disease activity in AIP, continuous disease activity in RF, and new extrapancreatic lesions, including enlargement of a right salivary gland, nephritis, and lymphadenopathy. The last FDG PET under steroid treatment revealed reduced FDG uptake in the above abnormal FDG uptake lesions. A series of these FDG PET findings suggest the usefulness of FDG PET for the diagnosis and monitoring of AIP associated with extrapancreatic autoimmune diseases.

We present a case of intraductal papilloma in the right breast of a 51-year-old woman with high F-FDG uptake. Its maximum standardized uptake value increased from 10.2 on early (1 h) PET/CT scan to 12.2 on delayed (2 h) PET/CT scan suggesting a primary breast cancer. However, histopathology proved it to be an intraductal papilloma. Immunohistochemically, strong expression of glucose transporter-1 and weak expression of hexokinase-II were noted in the papilloma. With the detection of a subareolar intracystic mass with high F-FDG uptake, intraductal papilloma should be included in the differential diagnosis.

A 62-year-old man underwent a whole-body FDG PET/CT for annual cancer screening. By an interview, he had an epigastric pain, and his body temperature was 37.0°C on the day. He just came back home from a travel to Southeast Asia 1 week ago and had presented with chill, high fever (temperature, 39.6°C), arthralgia, myalgia, and skin rash a few days before. Dengue fever was diagnosed by detecting dengue virus type 1 genome and antibody to the virus accompanied by thrombocytopenia and leukopenia. PET/CT examination revealed increased FDG uptake in the spleen and multiple lymph nodes.

We report a rare case of urachal abscess which accumulated F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) in a 55-year-old man. FDG PET/CT images showed intense FDG uptake in its upper portion with acute inflammation and little FDG uptake in its lower portion with chronic inflammation and fibrosis. When FDG

Pulmonary metastases from malignant pheochromocytoma were seen with I-123 MIBG SPECT in a 16-year-old girl but were not visualized with I-123 MIBG planar imaging. She had a left adrenalectomy for a pheochromocytoma 7 years earlier. Two small pulmonary nodules were seen on chest X-ray and CT scans.

We report a 58-year-old man whose incidentally discovered papillary thyroid carcinoma in the left lobe showed high FDG and low FLT uptake on PET/CT. The SUVmax was 19.7 for FDG and 3.0 for FLT. The Ki-67 labeling index of the tumor was 1.9%. Thus, the low FLT uptake might be attributed to the low proliferative activity of this cancer.

We experienced a case of a focal pulmonary F-18 fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) uptake without pulmonary computed tomography (CT) abnormality probably due to the urine FDG in the upper pole calyx of the left kidney. A 76-year-old male patient was referred for evaluation of the postoperative right lung cancer. Positron emission tomography/CT was performed 1 hour after intravenous injection of FDG and showed a small focus of increased uptake in the left lower lung field accompanying no abnormality in the corresponding lung CT images. The lung uptake was not noted in repeated positron emission tomography/CT images taken after 1 hour, suggesting misplacement of the left renal upper calyx into the lower lung.

Diuretic renography with Tc-99m MAG3 was performed in a 54-year-old woman with left hydronephrosis. The right kidney showed almost normal uptake and clearance of the tracer. However, the left kidney showed poor uptake with gradually increasing activity before injection of the diuretic and rapid and remarkably increased tracer after diuresis, indicating vesicoureteral reflux.

A 17-year-old girl with hereditary multiple exostoses, who was thought to have malignant transformation of an exostotic lesion, was examined by bone and Tl-201 chloride scintigraphy. Scintigraphy showed markedly intense uptake by the lesion, whereas Tl-201 imaging did not. Bone scintigraphy revealed intense to moderate uptake in other exostotic lesions, but none was apparent on the Tl-201 study. The lesion was resected and the histopathologic diagnosis was osteochondroma. Negative findings of Tl-201 scintigraphy may not exclude the possibility of chondrosarcoma, and the utility of this method may be limited. However, Tl-201 scintigraphy appears to have a useful role in differentiating malignant transformation from benign osteochondroma in hereditary multiple exostoses.

1-131 whole-body imaging was performed in a 72-year-old woman with multiple metastases from thyroid follicular carcinoma. Increased activity in the left lower chest mimicked physiologic gastric uptake. To determine whether it was a true-positive lesion, dual-isotope imaging was performed after intravenous administration of Tc-99m pertechnetate. This imaging clearly separated the 1-131 in the chest wall metastasis from the physiologic accumulation of Tc-99m pertechnetate in the stomach.

I-123 MIBG imaging performed on a 45-year-old man suspected of having pheochromocytoma revealed an abnormal uptake in the left submandibular region suggesting a chemodectoma. It was confirmed to be the uptake of 1-123 MIBG in the left submandibular gland by Tc-99m pertechnetate salivary gland imaging and x-ray CT. The right small submandibular gland produced this asymmetrical uptake of I-123 MIBG

ACTH-stimulation adrenal imaging (ACTH-I) was performed in 14 patients after baseline imaging (B-I) was performed. In six patients with no adrenal diseases in whom the findings of B-I were equivocal, morphologic normality of the adrenals was confirmed by ACTH-I because of increased adrenal uptake of radioiodocholesterol. In three patients with cortisol-producing tumors, visualization of contralateral glands by ACTH-I provided indirect evidence for autonomous cortisol secretion of the tumors. In three patients with pheochromocytoma or cyst, ACTH-I increased adjacent cortical radioactivity to more clearly delineate the lesions. In two patients with primary adrenocortical insufficiency, exogenous ACTH had no effect on adrenal uptake of the tracer. Correlation was observed between response of the adrenal net counts and urinary excretion of 17-OHCS and 17-KS. ACTH-I is useful when B-I does not provide sufficient diagnostic information or further information is needed due to low or absent radioiodocholesterol uptake by the adrenal gland(s).