Search

Traumatic MMA fistulas near the foramen spinosum may clinically mimic CCFs due to arterialization of the cavernous sinus (CS) [[10]]. 2 Left external carotid artery injection in frontal (a) and lateral (b) views revealed a high-flow arteriovenous fistula supplied by the middle meningeal artery shunting directly into an irregular and enlarged venous channel (arrow) that drained via the cavernous sinus (asterisks) into the enlarged left superior ophthalmic vein (arrowhead). In the adult population, MMA fistulas develop in 1.8% of patients with head trauma [[2]] and skull fractures may be a causative factor in 97% of fistulas [[1]]. Conclusion Traumatic MMA fistulas are exceedingly rare in the pediatric population but should be taken into consideration when a bruit develops even after a minor head trauma as it is highly suspicious for an extracranial or intracranial AVF. [Extracted from the article]