1. Portal vein tumor thrombosis in hepatocellular carcinoma: molecular mechanism and therapy.
- Author
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Zhou XH, Li JR, Zheng TH, Chen H, Cai C, Ye SL, Gao B, and Xue TC
- Subjects
- Humans, Portal Vein pathology, Epigenesis, Genetic, Treatment Outcome, Retrospective Studies, Tumor Microenvironment, Carcinoma, Hepatocellular therapy, Carcinoma, Hepatocellular drug therapy, Liver Neoplasms therapy, Liver Neoplasms drug therapy, Venous Thrombosis therapy, Venous Thrombosis complications
- Abstract
Portal vein tumor thrombosis (PVTT), a common complication of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), remains the bottleneck of the treatments. Liver cancer cells potentially experienced multi-steps during PVTT process, including cancer cells leave from cancer nest, migrate in extracellular matrix, invade the vascular barrier, and colonize in the portal vein. Accumulated evidences have revealed numerous of molecular mechanisms including genetic and epigenetic regulation, cancer stem cells, immunosuppressive microenvironment, hypoxia, et al. contributed to the PVTT formation. In this review, we discuss state-of-the-art PVTT research on the potential molecular mechanisms and experimental models. In addition, we summarize PVTT-associated clinical trials and current treatments for PVTT and suppose perspectives exploring the molecular mechanisms and improving PVTT-related treatment for the future., (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.)
- Published
- 2023
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