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Mandibulofacial dysostosis type Guion-Almeida (MFDGA) is a rare disease entity that results in congenital craniofacial anomalies that are caused by abnormal development of the first and second pharyngeal arches. MFDGA is characterized by malar and mandibular hypoplasia, microcephaly, developmental delay, dysplastic ears, and a distinctive facial appearance. Extracraniofacial malformations include esophageal atresia, congenital heart disease, and radial ray abnormalities. Heterozygous mutations in the elongation factor Tu GTP-binding domain containing 2 (EFTUD2) gene have been shown to result in MFDGA. To date, there have been a total of 108 individuals reported in the literature, of whom 95 patients have a confirmed EFTUD2 mutation. The majority of individuals reported in the literature have been of White ethnic origin. Here, we report two individuals of Asian ancestry with MFDGA, each harboring a novel, pathogenic splice site variant in EFTUD2.

We report a series of four patients with macrocephaly-capillary malformation (M-CM) who are the first ever reported M-CM patients among Chinese individuals. The salient clinical features and recent diagnostic criteria are discussed. M-CM is a multisystem disease characterized by macrocephaly and cutaneous vascular malformation. Neurodevelopmental abnormalities such as developmental delay, structural brain malformation, and hydrocephalus are common, and thus vigilant clinical and neuroradiological assessment is essential during the first few years of life. Cardiac and tumour surveillance would also be beneficial in selected cases.