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Introduction: Laurin-Sandrow syndrome also known as tetramelic mirror-image polydactyly is a rare congenital disorder characterized classically by polysyndactyly of the hands, mirror feet and nose anomalies (hypoplasia of the nasal alae and short columella) often associated with ulnar and/or fibular duplication. As a pathologic entity, it is heterogeneous, the patients displaying a variety of symptoms. This review aims to analyze the different aspects of the condition, such as clinical findings and methods of treatment to summarize the principal features of Laurin-Sandrow syndrome., Materials and Methods: The review is based on searches on PubMed, Web of Science and Researchgate of the following terms: "Laurin-Sandrow syndrome", "mirror hands", "mirror feet", "tetramelic mirror-image polydactyly", "fibular dimelia" and "ulnar dimelia". Clinical cases, reviews and original articles were included., Results: As a consequence of our findings, we suggest a modification of the Al-Qattan classification system for Mirror Hand-Multiple Hand Spectrum., Conclusion: Even though it has an extremely low incidence, a thorough understanding of the syndrome enables the surgeon to choose the appropriate treatment with the ultimate goal to improve the patient's life quality., (Copyright © 2022 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.)

Sirenomelia, also known as the 'mermaid malformation/syndrome', is a rare, serious congenital anomaly characterized by variable degrees of fusion of the lower limbs and associated severe malformations of the lower vertebral and genitourinary systems. In this report, we describe a series of African patients with sirenomelia. We present the clinical and radiological features of four black South African patients and illustrate some of the rarer associated abnormalities, which include asymmetrical upper limb defects, not confined to the radial ray. The clinical phenotypic overlap between caudal dysgenesis, VACTERL association and sirenomelia in our patients is highlighted, lending support to the theory that these entities may be different manifestations of a single pathogenic process.

The Microgastria-limb reduction anomaly is a rare disorder of unknown aetiology in which microgastria is associated with limb defects, along with splenic and other variable congenital abnormalities. In 15 previously reported cases, none have had the most extreme form of amelia. We report the clinical progress of a 3-year-old girl with severe microgastria and total amelia who has been managed conservatively with minimal surgical intervention.

We report on a girl with anal atresia, renal aplasia, vertebral and rib anomalies, amelia and hemifacial microsomia. The patient demonstrates the overlap between the VACTERL association and the oculoauriculovertebral dysplasia. We propose that amelia is a severe manifestation of the limb defects which occur in these developmental dysplasias.